The christening of "Robert [the] s[on of] Joseph White [of] Hesleden Moor" is listed in the parish register of Dalton Le Dale, Durham (FHL Book #: 942.8, B4dn, V.23, page 12), which states that he was christened on 1 January 1717/1718 in Dalton Le Dale.
The christening of "Robert White" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 962965, Item #5), which states that he was christened on 1 January 1718 in Dalton Le Dale, Durham, England, and that his father was "Joseph White".
The marriage of "Robert White and Elizabeth Robson both of this Par[ish]" is listed in the parish register of Dalton Le Dale, Durham (FHL Book #: 942.8, B4dn, V.23, page 44), which states that they were married on 27 November 1759 in Dalton Le Dale; and that marriage was witnessed by John Watson and John Dixon.
The marriage of "Robert White and Elizabeth Robson both of this Par[ish]" is listed in the parish register of Dalton Le Dale, Durham (FHL Book #: 942.8, B4dn, V.23, page 44), which states that they were married on 27 November 1759 in Dalton Le Dale; and that marriage was witnessed by John Watson and John Dixon.
Marriage Notes for Robert White and Elizabeth Robson-1618
The marriage of "Robert White and Elizabeth Robson both of this Par[ish]" is listed in the parish register of Dalton Le Dale, Durham (FHL Book #: 942.8, B4dn, V.23, page 44), which states that they were married on 27 November 1759 in Dalton Le Dale; and that marriage was witnessed by John Watson and John Dixon.
"Robert White" is listed in FamilySearch Tree, PID# KCY8-MSF.
"Mary Bushenll" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"Thomas Garner, son of John and Susanna (Keene) Garner, settled in Stafford County, Virginia, which had been formed from Westmoreland in 1664--in that part which in 1730, after his death, became Prince William County, and in 1759, Fauquier County, which it remains today. Thomasw may have moved to Stafford by September 10, 1700, on which date he was a witness to the will of Diana Downy in that county. ...Thomas Garner married Mary Bushnell, daughter of Charles Bushnell. The will of John Willis of Richmond County, dated January 7, 1715 and recorded July 6, 1718 mentions Mary Garner.... Thomas Garner died in the summer of 1726. His will [was] dated June 8, 1726, [and] probated July 13, 1726.... Thomas and Mary (Bushnell) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Thomas Garner; 3) Vincent Garner; 4) Parish Garner; 5) Charles Garner; 6) James Garner; 7) Susanna Garner, married Thomas Seddon, the younger. Before 1732, Mary Garner, widow of Thomas, married Ralph Hughes. They lived in Stafford County, now Fauquier, about five miles below the present Warrenton." (pages 65-67)
The christening of a "John Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 98), which states that he was christened on 2 September 1634 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Richard Garner" and "Katharn". The Garner ancestry has been documented by the Samuel Clark Family Organization (SCFO) and can be viewed at: https://sites.google.com/view/scfo/garner-ancestry .
See: https://sites.google.com/view/scfo/garner-ancestry
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Caution: No original document has been found that directly links this John Garner of Shropshire to the John Garner who settled in Virginia--as mentioned below.
Will of John Garner, 22 January 1702, Westmoreland County, Virginia
(Source: http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~otstott/ind23.html#Src19-2)
"In the name of God, Amen! I, John Garner being sick and weak of body, but of perfect memory and understanding do give and bequeath my Soul unto God that gave it, and my body to be decently interred. As to my worldly Estate, I give and bequeath as followeth; Item-I do give and bequeath unto my well beloved son John Garner and to his heirs forever one moiety of eight hundred and odd acres of land , also I give unto my well beloved son Henry Garner and to his heirs forever the moiety of the aforesaid eight hundred and odd acres of land to be equally divided between my said sons John and Henry Garner the said eight hundred and odd acres of land being the sand my said sons John and Henry Garner are now seated upon. Item- I give and bequeath unto my well beloved son Henry Garner my chest together with my wearing apparel. Item-I give and bequeath unto my well beloved son Vincent Garner and heirs forever the whole plantation and land I now live on together with the lands adjoining. Also I give unto my said son Vincent and to his heirs a parcel of land lying in horn point. Item- I give and bequeath unto my said son Vincent Garner my long gun and my hanger and a yoke of oxen. Also my will is that my said son Vincent Garner hath the one half of what is got of the money of the sloop which is called the Outcry.
"Item-I do will and appoint and order my said son Vincent Garner, his heirs, Exors and Amrs to pay unto my son Thomas Garner his heirs or assigns the sum of two thousand pounds of good tobacco in cask. I do will and appoint my said son Vincent Garner his heirs or assigns to pay unto my son Parish Garner his heirs or assigns the sum of two thousand pounds of good tobacco in cask. Item-I do will and appoint my said son Vincent Garner his heirs or assigns to pay unto my son Benjamin Garner his heirs or assigns the sum of two thousand pounds of good tobacco in cask, to be paid unto my said son Benjamin Garner when he shall be one and twenty years old. Item-I will and appoint my said son Vincent Garner his heirs or assigns to pay unto my son James Garner his heirs of assigns the sum of two thousand pounds of good tobacco in cask to be paid unto my son James Garner when he shall come to the age of one and twenty. Item-I give and bequeath unto my well beloved daughters Mary Susan and Martha each of them a thomb ring and also my will is that my well beloved wife to see them paid. Item-I give and bequeath unto my well beloved wife Susan all the rest of my Estate as Goods and Chattels moveables and unmoveables and do make my said loving wife Susan the sole Executor of this my last will and testament, willing all my due debts to be apid, revoking all other wills and testimonies, this my last will and testament, also my will is that my well beloved wife Susan her heirs of Executors pay the one half of the tobacco which is given to my said sons being four thousand, the 22nd day of Jan: 1702."
John Garner (Seal)
Signed, sealed in the presence of us: Wlliam Gardner
Jno. Williams Wm. Moore
Westmoreland Co. At a Court held for the said county the
26th day of May. The last will and testament of John Garner
dec'd, the within subscriber was proved by the oath of Wm.
Gardner, and a probate thereof granted to Susan Gardner,
Executrix, therein named.Testl I. A. Westcomb C.C. Com. Rd.
Recordity. Prime Die Jany. 1703
(Reference: Ann Garner, "Garner Family History: Notes Tracing the Ancestry of a Few Unprominent American Families from Colonial Times to the Present, from the Eastern Coastal Plains to the San Joaquin Delta. Along Other Rivers".)"John Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John Garner, founder of the family with which this book is chiefly concerned, came to the County of Northumberland in the Colony of Virginia about 1650, at the age of 17; for in that year Lewis Burwell was granted a tract of land in Northumberland for bringing 32 new colonists into the county, among them John Garner.... This was two years after the county [of Northumberland] was established. ...John Garner was born about 1633 for in 1663 he made a deposition in which he stated that he was thirty years old. ...John Garner settled west of Garner's Creek near the site of the present village of Lewisetta in 1660. ...John Garner married Susanna Keene, daughter of Thomas and Mary Keene of Northumberland County. Susanna was probably born on Kent Island in the Potomac River during the period (1634-1649) when it was in dispute between Virginia and Maryland. In 1649 it officially became a part of Maryland. This marriage is thought of having taken place about 1660, for in 1659 Susanna's stepfather and guardian, Thomas Broughton, gave her share of her father's cattle, designating her by the name of Susanna Keene;...while her mother's will in 1662 mentioned her as the wife of John Garner and as having a daughter." (pages 1-2)
"About 1672 John Garner moved a few miles farther up the Northern Neck of Westmoreland County near the present village of Kinsale." (page 3)
"As will be noted from his will [dated 1702], John Garner gave to his son, Vincent, his land near Kinsale and that on Horn Point. Northwest of these lands he owned 800 acres which he gave to his sons, John and Henry."
"John Garner died early in 1702, for his Will...was dated January 22, 1702, proved May 26, 1702, and recorded January 1, 1703. (page 4)
"Susanna Garner survived her husband by about 14 years. She left no will but the records show her estate was inventoried March 28, 1716.... On May 30, 1716 her son, Benjamin, stated that his mother's clothes had not been appraised but had been divided among her daugher at the time of her funeral." (page 5-6)
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)John Garner is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
This is an update on what I have learned regarding Richard Garner of Shrewsbury to date. I am indebted to David Austerberry, a fellow member of the Shropshire Family History Society, for providing me with the complete Gardner extracts from the unpublished parish registers of St. Alkmund's and St. Julian's. (I already had those from St. Mary's and St. Chad's.) He also gave me his expertise on the Shrewsbury Gardners from whom he believes our Richard descends and why.
Let me say at the outset that I am convinced that the original surname was Gardiner and that family members and record keepers were simply inconsistent in its spelling. (The illiteracy of many of our ancestors contributed to this.)Thus, we have various members of the same family or descent recorded as Gardiner, Gardener, Gardner, Gardnor, Garner, Garnar, etc. One example of this phenomena are the St. Chad baptismal records of the children of John and Elizabeth Garner, who were contemporaries of our Richard (and probably related). They had thirteen children, of whom eleven survived. With two exceptions, both parents' names were entered in each baptismal record. Of the thirteen records, the name is rendered "Garner" in eleven, "Gardner" in one, and "Gardiner" in three. Another example: in John Garner of Virginia's 1702 will, his name was rendered as "Garner", but that of his wife Susanna, the executor, and that of his grandson William, a witness, were rendered as "Gardner".
After examining the records of all four parishes, it is evident that there were only two Richard Gardners living in Shrewsbury in the opening decades of the 17th century:
One was the Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish, who was married to Katherine and whose son John was baptized in that parish in 1634. He may have been the father of another John who was baptized and buried in St. Julian's church in 1632. Richard has no baptismal record, as the St. Chad registers prior to 1616 have not survived. His lineage no doubt lies in those missing registers. He and his family disappear from the registers after the sole entry of the 1634 christening of his son.
The other Richard Gardner was a dyer and innkeeper of St. Mary's parish. He was the son of a John Gardner and the grandson of Richard Gardiner, the dyer of Frankwell. His ancestry is outlined in Herald's Visitation to Shropshire 1623. After 1623, we have the baptismal records of his three daughters: Mary (1636), Sarah (1638) and Mary (1644). He also had a daughter named Elizabeth who died in 1641, but have only her burial record. These are all in the St. Mary's parish registers. That he was their father, is also attested to in the Gardner pedigree by James Lawson and another Gardner pedigree prepared by Rev. Fletcher which I recently acquired from the Shropshire Archives. The Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish died in Shrewsbury in 1646.
As the vital records of Richard's parents, siblings, and immediate forebears are probably lost with the missing St. Chad registers, I had to look for other records to find what information may exist about him and his ancestry. One advantage I had in evaluating any records I may find is that the Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish was apprenticed in the Drapers Company in 1605, near or before the time when Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish would have reasonably been born. Apprenticeships were typically entered in one's teens, which means that the Richard of St. Mary's was substantially older than the Richard of St. Chad's. Thus, the dating of a record would determine which of these two Richards it referred to.
I have found two records whose chronology would only fit the Richard of St. Chad's, not the Richard of St. Mary's:
The first is the admission of a Richard Gardener to the Shrewsbury School 13 December 1619. Among the Gardners who enrolled in the 16th and early 17th century, he is the only Richard. He was admitted into the third form (the lowest). The sucessful student was expected to progress to the first form before he left the school. The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average. His enrollment fee was 4 pence - not very much. This indicates that he was the son of a burgess of Shrewsbury town. This information (as well the data for all the Gardner enrollees for the period) was provided by Mike Morrough, the archivist for the Shrewsbury School.
The second record was an apprenticeship list. Since many of the Shrewsbury Gardners were Drapers, I looked online for any evidence that our Richard was a member of that Company. The only Richard mentioned in the Drapers records I was able to find was the one of St. Mary's parish. However, I found an apprentice record for what appears to be our Richard in a book called Transactions of the Shropshire Archaelogical and Natural History Society, Vol. IV, 1881. (Google books) The chapter on "The Guilds of Shrewsbury" by Rev. W.A. Leighton contains excerpts from the records of the "Companie of Taylers and Skinners in the Town of Salop", including the apprenticeship lists. On page 230 is the following entry, the only Gardners on the list:
1621 Nov. 22. Richard Gardner s. of George Gardner of Shrewsbury deceased to Roger Cocke.(departed without freedom).
[Online source: https://books.google.com/books?id=cQAVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=the+guilds+of+shrewsbury,+by+w.a.leighton&source=bl&ots=7eBA_j4u98&sig=xDHy4R38vXVwYccVMUoSjfQ2Veg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim7_DwuYHUAhVU4GMKHY2dA2EQ6AEILDAB#v=snippet&q=gardner&f=false]
The date is the date of indenture, that is, the date Richard entered into his apprenticeship. This tells us that his father was named George, who was "of Shrewsbury", i.e. a burgess of the town and who had died by Nov. 22,1621. An apprenticeship normally lasted 7 years and according to the bylaws of the company the apprentice had to be at least 24 years old to gain freeman status upon the completion of his apprenticeship. So Richard was probably in his teens. Roger Cocke was the man to whom he was apprenticed. However, this record also tells us that Richard left the apprenticeship before completing it. When, it does not say.
So the picture that emerges of Richard so far is this:
He was born in the St. Chad's parish of Shrewsbury, possibly in the suburb of Frankwell, probably in the first decade of the 17th century. His father was a George Gardner. He was admitted in the Shrewsbury School in 1619. By 1621, his father had died and in that year Richard entered into an apprenticeship with Roger Cocke in the Company of Taylers and Skinners [furriers] in Shrewsbury. Sometime during the next seven years Richard left the guild without becoming a freeman. What occupation or trade he subsequently pursued is not known.
He married Katherine, possibly as early as 1631, and may have fathered a son John in 1632, who did not survive infancy. Katherine bore him another son, John, in 1634. By 1637, Richard and his son John were present on Farrar's Island, Henrico County, Virginia. Katherine had died by then, the circumstances of which are not known. There exists no public record of Richard after 1637. John appears next in a 1650 land patent in Northumberland County.
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell, but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions".Questionable Accounts about the Parentage of John Garner:
In the past some individuals have suggested that the John Garner who left England with his father, Richard Garner, and arrived in Virginia by 1637 did not come from Shrewsbury, Shropshire. Here are two examples:
1) In May 1990, Mrs. Wilber C. Garner of Maryland suggested the following possibility in a brief article entitled "The Garner Family" that appeared in the publication "Suffolk Roots" by the Suffolk Family History Society (FHL Book # 942.64, D25s, Vol.16, No.1, May 1990, pages 42-43): "I made a study of the names of John Garner's friend and neighbours in Northumberland and Westmoreland Counties, Virginia, and found that a goodly number of them came from the county of Kent [in England]. So going on my hunch that John Garner also may have been a Kentish lad, I checked the IGI for Kent - and Eureka! There I found an entry for John Garner baptised 4 May 1634, Canterbury, St. Dunstan's [in Kent, England], son of Thomas Garner and Mary Lacye. Thomas and Mary Lacye were married 24 October 1631, Canterbury, St. Dunstan's. In light of the fact that in 1663 John Garner made a deposition stating that he was '30 years old or thereabouts' the baptism of John Garner in Kent in 1634 seems to be right in the ballpack. ...This is all speculation on my part and I have nothing to prove this scenario as being correct, but it does seem possible to me...."
However, this suggestion--that John Garner of Virginia is the same individual who was christened in 1634 in Canterbury and came to America with his father Thomas Garner--misses the fact that the Thomas Garner who married Mary Lacye in 1631 in Canterbury was a "poor itinerant man" and was buried on 1 August 1634 in Canterbury, while Mary, his "widow" wife, was buried on 1 September 1638 in Ash, Kent (near Canterbury).
2) John Garner is described in the following account that appears online at: http://www.danel.us/family-history-and-genealogy/ : "John Garner, born 1578 in Solihull, Warwickshire, England had three sons - Thomas, John, and Richard. They had each inherited a 1/3 interest in the Lion Inn, a carriage inn at Shrewbury, from their mother Joan Underwood’s dowry about 1631. Thomas married Mary Lacye. She was drowned as a witch in 1635 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England. Richard married Katharn. She was drowned as a witch in 1636 in Shropshire, England."
However, this account appears to be highly questionable and/or largely fictitious. For example: a) the John Garner who was christened in 1578 in Solihull married an Elizabeth and had at least four children in Hampton in Arden, Warwickshire, between 1603-1616; b) no christening record has yet been found in Warwickshire between 1596-1616 for a "Richard Garner" (or Gardner) who was supposedly the son of a John Garner (or Gardner); c) the Thomas Garner who married Mary Lacye in 1631 in Canterbury was a "poor itinerant man" and was buried on 1 August 1634 in Canterbury, while Mary, his "widow" wife, was buried on 1 September 1638 in Ash, Kent (near Canterbury); d) on 6 July 2010, Patrick Garner stated the following: "There is no verifiable evidence for the Kathryn Garner witchcraft story. It originated...in 1991. Please see my post in this forum for the details: http://genforum.genealogy.com/garner/messages/6345.html. No one has found baptismal records, a marriage record nor burial records for her or her husband Richard, so we cannot prove exactly where or when either one was born, married or died [source: http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~otstott/ind1636.html]."According to references placed on FamilySearch in 2020, John Garner was buried in Kinsale, Westmoreland, Viriginia, and his Probate was dated 26 May 1702.
"Susanna Keene" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"...John Garner settled west of Garner's Creek near the site of the present village of Lewisetta in 1660. ...John Garner married Susanna Keene, daughter of Thomas and Mary Keene of Northumberland County. Susanna was probably born on Kent Island in the Potomac River during the period (1634-1649) when it was in dispute between Virginia and Maryland. In 1649 it officially became a part of Maryland. This marriage is thought of having taken place about 1660, for in 1659 Susanna's stepfather and guardian, Thomas Broughton, gave her share of her father's cattle, designating her by the name of Susanna Keene;...while her mother's will in 1662 mentioned her as the wife of John Garner and as having a daughter." (pages 1-2)
"About 1672 John Garner moved a few miles farther up the Northern Neck of Westmoreland County near the present village of Kinsale." (page 3)
"John Garner died early in 1702, for his Will...was dated January 22, 1702, proved May 26, 1702, and recorded January 1, 1703. (page 4)
"Susanna Garner survived her husband by about 14 years. She left no will but the records show her estate was inventoried March 28, 1716.... On May 30, 1716 her son, Benjamin, stated that his mother's clothes had not been appraised but had been divided among her daugher at the time of her funeral." (page 5-6)
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"John Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"John Garner, son of John Garner and his wife, Susanna, is first mentioned in the records of Northumberland County on June 20, 1663.... Nothing further is found recorded about John Garner until 1687/8.... [On] January 23, 1697 one acre of land was laid out for John Garner Jr. for a mill on a dam supposed to be in the possible of John Garner, Sr.,.... [On] June 4, 1700, John Garner Jr. patented 200 acres of land in Westmoreland County at Crimes Springs. ...John Garner died early in 1713. His will...was dated February 3, 1712 and proved March 25, 1713.... John Garner married Jane Joyce, daughter of Abraham Joyce. John and Jane (Joyce) Garner had issue: 1) William Garner; 2) Abraham Garner; 3) John Garner; 4) Joseph Garner; 5) Jeremiah Garner; 6) Jane Joyce Garner; 7) Susanna Garner." (pages 7-11).
"Henry Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"Henry Garner, son of John Garner and his wife, Susanna, received by his father's will some 400 odd acres in Westmoreland, on which he was then seated. Also he had received from his Uncle, Mathew Keene, in 1705, 400 acres of land in Westmoreland County. September 28, 1741, Henry Garner made a deed of gift to his sons in which he seems to have given them all his land with certain reservations about his home plantation.... The will of Henry Garner, dated June 4, 1744, and presented in court by 'Catharine his relict' on June 25, 1745.... Henry Garner married Catharine---possibly Bradley, and had issue: 1) Henry Garner; 2) Bradley Garner; 3) Thomas Garner; 4) Hannah Garner (thought to have married Thomas Allison); 5) Elizabeth Garner." (pages 22-23)
"Vincent Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"Vincent Garner, son of John Garner and his wife, Susanna, by his father's will was left 'the whole plantation and land I now live on together with the lands adjoining,' also land lying in Horn Point.... [On] June 17, 1706, Vincent Garner and his wife, Martha, sold to Robert Reeves 50 acres of land in Betty's Neck on the road to Brice's Bridge in Northumberland County, adjoining John Ward and the land 'the said Garner lives on.' Vincent Garner died in Northumberland County, evidently a comparatively young man, since four of his children were less than 10 years old. His will...dated September 30, 1710, and [was] recorded the same year.... Vincent Garner married Martha---. Because of the fact that he gave his daughter, Anne, so much more by his will than he gave his other daughters, and the additional fact that his wife, Martha, did not leave Anne or her heirs anything in her will, it seems possible that Vincent may have had an earlier wife, who was the mother of Anne. Vicent Garner had issue: 1) Vincent Garner; 2) James Garner; 3) Anne Garner; 4) Jane Garner; 5) Martha Garner. Martha Garner, widow of Vincent Garner, married twice again. Her second husband was George Rout and her third, Richard Booth. Martha apparently had no children by her second and third marriages." (pages 41-43).
"Parish Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"Parish Garner, son of John and Susanna (Keene) Garner, died in 1718/19. Before 1701 he had married Elizabeth Parker. A record in Northumberland County under date of March 29, 1718 shows that Ruth Parker, daughter of William Parker and his wife (who had been a Shoares) married John Hall and that their daughter, Elizabeth Parker, married Parish Garner. ...The will of Parish Garner, dated February 12, 1718/1719, probated March 18, 1718, was witnessed by John Keene and John Rice. ...Parish Garner had the following issue, all of whose births are found on St. Stephen's Parish Register: 1) George Garner, born July 29, 1704; 2) Parish Garner, born January 22, 1705; 3) Mary Ann Garner, born January 29, 1707; 4) Samuel Garner, born January 9, 1710; 5) William Garner, born April 27, 1712." (pages 176-177).
"Mary Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"Mary Garner, daughter of John and Susanna (Keene) Garner, was given a thumb ring in her father's will and a looking glass by her brother Benjamin's will. She is believe to have married William Price. On March 15, 1720, Mary Price, James Lewis and Thomas Ashburn gave bond against the estate of William Price deceased. On the same day Mary Price was granted administration of the estate of William Price." (page 185)
"Susan Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"Susan Garner, daughter of John and Susanna (Keene) Garner, was given a thumb ring in her father's will. She married William Lewis, son of Mary Price and her first husband, ---Lewis. Her brother, Benjamin mentions in his will her son, Vincent Lewis. Mary Price, her mother-in-law, mentions her daughters, Elizabeth and Ann, and her son, Vincent. Thus we know that Susan (Garner) Lewis had at least the following issue: 1) Vincent Lewis; 2) Elizabeth Lewis; 3) Ann Lewis." (page 186)
"Martha Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"Martha Garner, daughter of John and Susanna (Keene) Garner, was given a thumb ring in her father's will and a large silk handkerchief and truck in the will of her brother, Benjamin." (page 186)
"Benjamin Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"Benjamin Garner, son of John and Susanna (Keene) Garner, died unmarried in Westmoreland County in 1718. He was under 21 years of age when his father made his will in 1702 [so he was born after 1681]. He was executor of his mother's estate in 1716. Benjamin left [a] will dated March 31, 1718, probated May 28, 1718. ...This will was recorded June 1718 in Westmoreland County...." (page 184)
"James Garner" is listed in the book "Garner-Keene Families of Northern Neck Virginia", by Ruth Ritchie and Sudie Rucker Wood, 1952, (FHL Film # 1033596 Item #2), as follows:
"John and Susanna (Keene) Garner had issue: 1) John Garner; 2) Henry Garner; 3) Vincent Garner, 4) Thomas Garner, 5) Parish Garner, 6) Benjamin Garner, 7) James Garner, 8) Mary Garner, 9) Susan Garner, 10) Martha Garner." (page 6)
"James Garner, son of John and Susanna (Keene) Garner, lived in Northumberland County and died there in 1726. He was under age [of 21 years] at the time of his father's will in 1702 [so he was born after 1681], by which he as left 2000 pounds of tobacco. ...By 1710 he had married Mary ---. ...In 1705 he bought land of William Moore of Lancaster County. ...John Lewis affirmed that James Garner departed this life, without making a will and was appointed the administrator of his estate. James and Mary Garner had the following children, whose births are recorded on St. Stephen's Parish Register: 1) Susanna Garner, born January 30, 1711; 2) James Garner, born July 15, 1714; 3) John Garner, born August 16, 1716. Inventory of his estate returned in 1751; September 25, 1752; his estate was charged with one year's schooling for 'John Garner's orphans,' Anne and Rebecca--John Webb administator; 4) Nancy Garner, born January 27, 1718; 5) Frances Garner, born January 16, 1721." (page 185)
"John Garner" (Gardner, Gerner, Garnar, Granor, Garnor, Gardiner or Gardenor) is listed as the husband of "Elizabeth" in the christening records of their children, who were all christened in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, between 1625 and 1647. Also, he is listed in the christening and burial records of some of his children as being an "Ironmonger"--which was a hardware merchant.
Burial information on John Garner was obtained from FamilySearch Tree. This needs to be verified.
Relationship Note: Based on duration, location and patronymics, John Garner was possibly the son of George Gardner and the older brother of Richard Garner. Interestingly, John Garner named his first son, John--possibly after himself, and his second son George--possibly after his father.
"Elizabeth" is listed as the wife of "John Garner (Gardner, Gerner, Garnar, Granor, Garnor, Gardiner or Gardenor) in the christening records of their 16 children, who were all christened in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, between 1625 and 1647.
Marriage Notes for John Garner and Elizabeth -1593
The marriage of "John Garner" and "Elizabeth Tucker" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 990430 Item #2 and 1696464 Items 4-5), which states that they were married on 31 August 1626 in Banbury, Oxfordshire, England.
"Richard Garner" and "Katharn" are listed in the christening record of their son, John Garner, as follows: The christening of "John Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 98), which states that he was christened on 2 September 1634 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Richard Garner" and "Katharn." Note: Katharn has also been identified in later sources as "Katherine" and "Kathryn."
See: https://sites.google.com/view/scfo/garner-ancestry
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Caution: No original document has been found that directly links this Richard Garner of Shropshire to the Richard Garner who settled in Virginia--as mentioned below.
Richard Garner is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
This is an update on what I have learned regarding Richard Garner of Shrewsbury to date. I am indebted to David Austerberry, a fellow member of the Shropshire Family History Society, for providing me with the complete Gardner extracts from the unpublished parish registers of St. Alkmund's and St. Julian's. (I already had those from St. Mary's and St. Chad's.) He also gave me his expertise on the Shrewsbury Gardners from whom he believes our Richard descends and why.
Let me say at the outset that I am convinced that the original surname was Gardiner and that family members and record keepers were simply inconsistent in its spelling. (The illiteracy of many of our ancestors contributed to this.)Thus, we have various members of the same family or descent recorded as Gardiner, Gardener, Gardner, Gardnor, Garner, Garnar, etc. One example of this phenomena are the St. Chad baptismal records of the children of John and Elizabeth Garner, who were contemporaries of our Richard (and probably related). They had thirteen children, of whom eleven survived. With two exceptions, both parents' names were entered in each baptismal record. Of the thirteen records, the name is rendered "Garner" in eleven, "Gardner" in one, and "Gardiner" in three. Another example: in John Garner of Virginia's 1702 will, his name was rendered as "Garner", but that of his wife Susanna, the executor, and that of his grandson William, a witness, were rendered as "Gardner".
After examining the records of all four parishes, it is evident that there were only two Richard Gardners living in Shrewsbury in the opening decades of the 17th century:
One was the Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish, who was married to Katherine and whose son John was baptized in that parish in 1634. He may have been the father of another John who was baptized and buried in St. Julian's church in 1632. Richard has no baptismal record, as the St. Chad registers prior to 1616 have not survived. His lineage no doubt lies in those missing registers. He and his family disappear from the registers after the sole entry of the 1634 christening of his son.
The other Richard Gardner was a dyer and innkeeper of St. Mary's parish. He was the son of a John Gardner and the grandson of Richard Gardiner, the dyer of Frankwell. His ancestry is outlined in Herald's Visitation to Shropshire 1623. After 1623, we have the baptismal records of his three daughters: Mary (1636), Sarah (1638) and Mary (1644). He also had a daughter named Elizabeth who died in 1641, but have only her burial record. These are all in the St. Mary's parish registers. That he was their father, is also attested to in the Gardner pedigree by James Lawson and another Gardner pedigree prepared by Rev. Fletcher which I recently acquired from the Shropshire Archives. The Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish died in Shrewsbury in 1646.
As the vital records of Richard's parents, siblings, and immediate forebears are probably lost with the missing St. Chad registers, I had to look for other records to find what information may exist about him and his ancestry. One advantage I had in evaluating any records I may find is that the Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish was apprenticed in the Drapers Company in 1605, near or before the time when Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish would have reasonably been born. Apprenticeships were typically entered in one's teens, which means that the Richard of St. Mary's was substantially older than the Richard of St. Chad's. Thus, the dating of a record would determine which of these two Richards it referred to.
I have found two records whose chronology would only fit the Richard of St. Chad's, not the Richard of St. Mary's:
The first is the admission of a Richard Gardener to the Shrewsbury School 13 December 1619. Among the Gardners who enrolled in the 16th and early 17th century, he is the only Richard. He was admitted into the third form (the lowest). The sucessful student was expected to progress to the first form before he left the school. The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average. His enrollment fee was 4 pence - not very much. This indicates that he was the son of a burgess of Shrewsbury town. This information (as well the data for all the Gardner enrollees for the period) was provided by Mike Morrough, the archivist for the Shrewsbury School.
The second record was an apprenticeship list. Since many of the Shrewsbury Gardners were Drapers, I looked online for any evidence that our Richard was a member of that Company. The only Richard mentioned in the Drapers records I was able to find was the one of St. Mary's parish. However, I found an apprentice record for what appears to be our Richard in a book called Transactions of the Shropshire Archaelogical and Natural History Society, Vol. IV, 1881. (Google books) The chapter on "The Guilds of Shrewsbury" by Rev. W.A. Leighton contains excerpts from the records of the "Companie of Taylers and Skinners in the Town of Salop", including the apprenticeship lists. On page 230 is the following entry, the only Gardners on the list:
1621 Nov. 22. Richard Gardner s. of George Gardner of Shrewsbury deceased to Roger Cocke.(departed without freedom).
[Online source: https://books.google.com/books?id=cQAVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=the+guilds+of+shrewsbury,+by+w.a.leighton&source=bl&ots=7eBA_j4u98&sig=xDHy4R38vXVwYccVMUoSjfQ2Veg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim7_DwuYHUAhVU4GMKHY2dA2EQ6AEILDAB#v=snippet&q=gardner&f=false]
The date is the date of indenture, that is, the date Richard entered into his apprenticeship. This tells us that his father was named George, who was "of Shrewsbury", i.e. a burgess of the town and who had died by Nov. 22,1621. An apprenticeship normally lasted 7 years and according to the bylaws of the company the apprentice had to be at least 24 years old to gain freeman status upon the completion of his apprenticeship. So Richard was probably in his teens. Roger Cocke was the man to whom he was apprenticed. However, this record also tells us that Richard left the apprenticeship before completing it. When, it does not say.
So the picture that emerges of Richard so far is this:
He was born in the St. Chad's parish of Shrewsbury, possibly in the suburb of Frankwell, probably in the first decade of the 17th century. His father was a George Gardner. He was admitted in the Shrewsbury School in 1619. By 1621, his father had died and in that year Richard entered into an apprenticeship with Roger Cocke in the Company of Taylers and Skinners [furriers] in Shrewsbury. Sometime during the next seven years Richard left the guild without becoming a freeman. What occupation or trade he subsequently pursued is not known.
He married Katherine, possibly as early as 1631, and may have fathered a son John in 1632, who did not survive infancy. Katherine bore him another son, John, in 1634. By 1637, Richard and his son John were present on Farrar's Island, Henrico County [later Chesterfield County], Virginia. Katherine had died by then, the circumstances of which are not known. There exists no public record of Richard after 1637. John appears next in a 1650 land patent in Northumberland County.
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell, but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions".
"Richard Garner" and "Katharn" are listed in the christening record of their son, John Garner, as follows: The christening of "John Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 98), which states that he was christened on 2 September 1634 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Richard Garner" and "Katharn". Note: Katharn has also been identified in later sources as "Katherine" and "Kathryn".
See: https://sites.google.com/view/scfo/garner-ancestry
-----
Caution: No original document has been found that directly links this Richard Garner of Shropshire to the Richard Garner who settled in Virginia--as mentioned below.
Katharn, the wife of Richard Garner, is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
This is an update on what I have learned regarding Richard Garner of Shrewsbury to date. I am indebted to David Austerberry, a fellow member of the Shropshire Family History Society, for providing me with the complete Gardner extracts from the unpublished parish registers of St. Alkmund's and St. Julian's. (I already had those from St. Mary's and St. Chad's.) He also gave me his expertise on the Shrewsbury Gardners from whom he believes our Richard descends and why.
Let me say at the outset that I am convinced that the original surname was Gardiner and that family members and record keepers were simply inconsistent in its spelling. (The illiteracy of many of our ancestors contributed to this.)Thus, we have various members of the same family or descent recorded as Gardiner, Gardener, Gardner, Gardnor, Garner, Garnar, etc. One example of this phenomena are the St. Chad baptismal records of the children of John and Elizabeth Garner, who were contemporaries of our Richard (and probably related). They had thirteen children, of whom eleven survived. With two exceptions, both parents' names were entered in each baptismal record. Of the thirteen records, the name is rendered "Garner" in eleven, "Gardner" in one, and "Gardiner" in three. Another example: in John Garner of Virginia's 1702 will, his name was rendered as "Garner", but that of his wife Susanna, the executor, and that of his grandson William, a witness, were rendered as "Gardner".
After examining the records of all four parishes, it is evident that there were only two Richard Gardners living in Shrewsbury in the opening decades of the 17th century:
One was the Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish, who was married to Katherine and whose son John was baptized in that parish in 1634. He may have been the father of another John who was baptized and buried in St. Julian's church in 1632. Richard has no baptismal record, as the St. Chad registers prior to 1616 have not survived. His lineage no doubt lies in those missing registers. He and his family disappear from the registers after the sole entry of the 1634 christening of his son.
The other Richard Gardner was a dyer and innkeeper of St. Mary's parish. He was the son of a John Gardner and the grandson of Richard Gardiner, the dyer of Frankwell. His ancestry is outlined in Herald's Visitation to Shropshire 1623. After 1623, we have the baptismal records of his three daughters: Mary (1636), Sarah (1638) and Mary (1644). He also had a daughter named Elizabeth who died in 1641, but have only her burial record. These are all in the St. Mary's parish registers. That he was their father, is also attested to in the Gardner pedigree by James Lawson and another Gardner pedigree prepared by Rev. Fletcher which I recently acquired from the Shropshire Archives. The Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish died in Shrewsbury in 1646.
As the vital records of Richard's parents, siblings, and immediate forebears are probably lost with the missing St. Chad registers, I had to look for other records to find what information may exist about him and his ancestry. One advantage I had in evaluating any records I may find is that the Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish was apprenticed in the Drapers Company in 1605, near or before the time when Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish would have reasonably been born. Apprenticeships were typically entered in one's teens, which means that the Richard of St. Mary's was substantially older than the Richard of St. Chad's. Thus, the dating of a record would determine which of these two Richards it referred to.
I have found two records whose chronology would only fit the Richard of St. Chad's, not the Richard of St. Mary's:
The first is the admission of a Richard Gardener to the Shrewsbury School 13 December 1619. Among the Gardners who enrolled in the 16th and early 17th century, he is the only Richard. He was admitted into the third form (the lowest). The sucessful student was expected to progress to the first form before he left the school. The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average. His enrollment fee was 4 pence - not very much. This indicates that he was the son of a burgess of Shrewsbury town. This information (as well the data for all the Gardner enrollees for the period) was provided by Mike Morrough, the archivist for the Shrewsbury School.
The second record was an apprenticeship list. Since many of the Shrewsbury Gardners were Drapers, I looked online for any evidence that our Richard was a member of that Company. The only Richard mentioned in the Drapers records I was able to find was the one of St. Mary's parish. However, I found an apprentice record for what appears to be our Richard in a book called Transactions of the Shropshire Archaelogical and Natural History Society, Vol. IV, 1881. (Google books) The chapter on "The Guilds of Shrewsbury" by Rev. W.A. Leighton contains excerpts from the records of the "Companie of Taylers and Skinners in the Town of Salop", including the apprenticeship lists. On page 230 is the following entry, the only Gardners on the list:
1621 Nov. 22. Richard Gardner s. of George Gardner of Shrewsbury deceased to Roger Cocke.(departed without freedom).
The date is the date of indenture, that is, the date Richard entered into his apprenticeship. This tells us that his father was named George, who was "of Shrewsbury", i.e. a burgess of the town and who had died by Nov. 22,1621. An apprenticeship normally lasted 7 years and according to the bylaws of the company the apprentice had to be at least 24 years old to gain freeman status upon the completion of his apprenticeship. So Richard was probably in his teens. Roger Cocke was the man to whom he was apprenticed. However, this record also tells us that Richard left the apprenticeship before completing it. When, it does not say.
So the picture that emerges of Richard so far is this:
He was born in the St. Chad's parish of Shrewsbury, possibly in the suburb of Frankwell, probably in the first decade of the 17th century. His father was a George Gardner. He was admitted in the Shrewsbury School in 1619. By 1621, his father had died and in that year Richard entered into an apprenticeship with Roger Cocke in the Company of Taylers and Skinners [furriers] in Shrewsbury. Sometime during the next seven years Richard left the guild without becoming a freeman. What occupation or trade he subsequently pursued is not known.
He married Katherine, possibly as early as 1631, and may have fathered a son John in 1632, who did not survive infancy. Katherine bore him another son, John, in 1634. By 1637, Richard and his son John were present on Farrar's Island, Henrico County, Virginia. Katherine had died by then, the circumstances of which are not known. There exists no public record of Richard after 1637. John appears next in a 1650 land patent in Northumberland County.
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell, but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions"."Kathryn Garner" is listed in the following article produced by Patrick Garner on 1 January 2010 and which can be found online at: http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6345/ :
A story which has become part of the lore of the Garner family history is that of the death of a Kathryn Garner in Shropshire, England in 1636 during her trial by water for witchcraft. Trial by water involved binding the accused, weighing them with stones and throwing them into a body of water. If the accused person (in the case of witchcraft, usually a woman) escaped her bonds, this was taken to “prove” that she was guilty, since it was believed that only Satanic assistance could have enabled her to escape, and she would then be burned at the stake. However, if she drowned, this “proved” her innocence and she would be buried in Christian ground at the Crown’s expense. In Kathryn’s case, she drowned.
Furthermore, this Kathryn Garner is then identified with the Katharn Garner who gave birth to John Garner in 1634.She and her husband Richard christened John on September 2 of that year at St. Chad’s parish church in Shrewsbury, in the county of Shropshire.This makes for a convenient timeline, as a Richard and John Garner arrived alone in Henrico County, Virginia by 1637 as immigrants sponsored by William Farrar. If those two were the husband and son of the Shrewsbury Katharn and she was killed “proving” her innocence in 1636, her death would have provided a plausible reason for Richard’s emigration. It would also explain why they arrived without an accompanying wife and mother.
But is the story of the trial and death of Kathryn Garner true? What is the evidence for it? To find out, we must first trace the story to its source. The story is based on a citation found in a list of women tried for witchcraft on this website: www.featherlessbiped.com/burning/burnwit5.htm. The citation reads: “403. Garner, Kathryn’…Welshwoman, found innocent of Witch Craft in Trial by Water. 2 pounds for burial in Christian ground;’ Shropshire, England, 1636”. (There are other websites which list those tried and/or executed as witches, but most seem to be based on this list, especially those that list Kathryn Garner.) The list was compiled by W.J. Bethancourt III and last updated in 2008. The database was begun 20 years ago as the offshoot of a historical research project involving daily life in the Middle Ages. There is an extensive reference page of sources, but some entries were submitted online by individuals with accompanying reference citations. Some of the links in the references no longer work, but I was able to find most of the books listed on google books in searchable form. Searching those books for “Kathryn Garner”. I found no reference to her in any of them. Therefore, it is probable that the Kathryn Garner entry was submitted by a individual sometime after 1990, the oldest copyright date for the site.
Kathryn Garner appears on an earlier version of Mr. Bethancourt’s online list as early as 2002, as it is cited by a Mr. James Garner on the Garner Family Genealogical Forum on August 19, 2002: http://genforum.genealogy.com/garner/messages/4363.html. In a September 23 post on the same forum later that year, he cites Gwen and William Garner as sources for a source citation for the story: “Shrop. C.O. 1636”. Finally, in a November 20, 2002 post, James cites a reporter for a Shropshire newspaper who wrote a article about this.
The reporter James Garner refers to is probably Toby Neal, who wrote an article entitled “She was tried as a witch in 1636, but then what?”, which was published in the December 4, 1999 issue of the Shropshire Star. The text of the article is as follows:During the 17th century, Shropshire woman Katharn Garner was accused of being a witch.
Her accusers realized they had it wrong when they threw her in water - perhaps even the River Severn - and she drowned.
Now if she really had been a witch, she would have escaped her bonds and survived, after which her accusers would have burned her at the stake.
In the event, to make amends for the wrongful prosecution, her husband Richard was given 2 pounds by the Crown to bury his wife in Christian ground.
After losing his wife in such a horrible way, he left England in late 1636 or early in 1637 with his young son, John, for the Colony of Virginia.
The story of Katharn, which may be a variant spelling of Kathryn or Katherine, has been researched by Gwendoline Garner from America, who is the wife of one of Richard’s direct descendants.
Details are sketchy. Richard was baptized in 1604 at Stanton Lacy near Ludlow, and their son John was baptized in 1634. Katharn seems to have been tried in 1636. “Court records for this year state ’Kathryn Garner, Welshwoman, found innoc. of Witch Craft in Trial by Water. 2 pounds for burial in Christian ground’ “, said Mrs. Garner, who lives in Maryland.
She does not know where in Shropshire the trial was conducted or where Katharn was buried.
“In a trial by water the person was bound, weighed down with stones, and thrown in a river or lake for a period longer than they could hold their breath.”
“For a person charged with witchcraft, if she had escaped her bonds, it would have been deemed to be with the help of the Devil and she would have been burned at the stake. If she had somehow survived the ordeal, it would have been deemed due to divine intervention and she would have gone free.”
“If she drowned, as here, she would have been deemed innocent of the charge, and to make amends for wrongful prosecution her burial expenses would be paid for by the Crown.”
“We do not know why she was charged with witchcraft. Normally only old or single women, or the mentally impaired who talked to themselves, faced this kind of charge.”
“However, the English still hated and distrusted the Welsh, even though the two countries had been united since the 1400s, thus her nationality may have been at least part of her problem.”
As for Richard, he had one third interest in the Lion, which she presumes was the Lion Hotel in Wyle Cop, Shrewsbury, which he gave to his brother when he left England.The quotes above attributed to the late Gwendoline Garner are actually lifted verbatim from an unpublished article entitled “The Garner Family of County Shropshire, England”. (I believe the newspaper article was the result of a letter from Gwendoline Garner soliciting information.) The author is a John Garner descendant who traveled to England in 1991 to research the Garner family. Gwendoline Garner acknowledges this person as the source of the information about John and Richard Garner’s Shropshire origins in her Garner-Briggs Bulletin #1 Update, dated 15 March 1991. This bulletin can be viewed here:
http://www.unf.edu/~jgarner/GBUP.pdfhttp://www.unf.edu/~jgarner/GBUP.pdf .
The author of “The Garner Family of County Shropshire, England” seems to be the earliest source for the story of Kathryn Garner’s witchcraft trial and death. The relevant passage reads: “John Garner’s mother, listed as Katharn Garner, in the parish register of St. Chad’s, may have died in 1636, for the court records for that year contain the following entry: "Kathryn Garner, Welshwoman, found innoc. of Witch Craft in trial by Water. 2 pounds for burial in Christian ground. (Shrop. C.O. 1636)." The author does not identify from which court the record is drawn or where the record was found. The “Shrop. C.O. 1636” implies that the trial and/or burial took place in Shropshire in 1636.
To locate the primary record cited for this trial, we must first determine in which courts witchcraft trials would have been held in 17th century Shrosphire. Shropshire is divided into two dioceses: Lichfield and Hereford. The Lichfield and Hereford Record Offices as well as the Shropshire Archives hold parish and court records for Shropshire. An inquiry to the Hereford Record Office yielded the following information about witchcraft trials:
I have extracted the following text from The National Archives website:
"Witchcraft trials in England were most prevalent from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century, when a number of laws about witchcraft were passed. The first was an Act of 1542. This made 'any invocations or conjuration of spirits, witchcrafts, inchantments or sorceries' a felony without benefit of the clergy, therefore punishable by hanging. The last act was the Witchcraft Act of 1735."
As far as I'm aware the majority of witchcraft cases were tried at Assize Courts, the records of which are held at The National Archives. Historically Shropshire was part of the Oxford Assize Circuit. Surviving record series' include minute books, indictments, depositions and case papers, estreats, bill of costs and other miscellaneous items.
Witchcraft cases may also have been heard in the Diocesan Courts, and captured in the Diocesan Court Books (Acts of Office or Acts of Instance). The Acts of Office Court Books date from 1407-1639, 1662-1882 and contain cases brought by the church authorities against an individual (lay or clergy). The Acts of Instance Court Books were cases brought by one lay person against another, and mainly cover disputes over wills, tithes and ownership of pews in the church, and cases of slander or defamation of character. These courts had no authority to imprison or hang those found guilty, these cases were heard before the aforesaid Assize Courts. You will need to know what parish your ancestor was residing in to determine where the records are now held. As you are probably well aware, the County of Shropshire is divided into the Diocese of Hereford and Lichfield.
References to witchcraft may also be found in the records of the Quarter Sessions Court. These collections are typically located in the local record office, so I would therefore suggest contacting Shropshire Archives.
Since the majority of witchcraft cases were tried in the Assize Courts, I examined the references to these court records on the website of the British National Archives and found that there are no records pertaining to Shropshire that survive prior to 1654.An email inquiry to the National Archives confirmed this.
Next, having already heard from the Hereford Record Office, I inquired with the remaining two local record offices on the chance that the case was tried in the Diocesan or Quarter Session Courts.The replies I received were as follows:
Lichfield Record Office: “I have checked our indexes to Church Court cause papers for any witchcraft cases, but there is nothing before the 1660s. I’ve had a look at our online catalogue, but there is no reference to Kathryn Garner there either.”
Shropshire Archives: “Quarter sessions records survive only from 1638 and are very patchy until 1657. I checked the listing for the January session 1638-39, but there is no mention of Katherine Garner nor yet in the session of March 1640, we hold nothing more until 1657.I can find no reference to Katherine Garner on our general catalogue.”
In conclusion, there appears to be no surviving court documents pertaining to Shropshire to substantiate this story. This makes the question moot as to whether the Kathryn Garner who allegedly died in 1636 is the same woman who gave birth to John Garner. But if she did not die at trial in 1636, what happened to John’s mother? If he and his father were the John and Richard Garner who emigrated to Henrico County by 1637, why is Katharn not mentioned among the headrights transported by William Farrar?
Did she perhaps die between 1634 and 1637 in Shropshire? If so, there would be a burial record in the St. Chad’s parish register, but there is not. Did she perhaps die on the voyage to Virginia? Since we have yet to find the passenger list for John and Richard’s voyage, we have no way of knowing if she was with them. The story of Kathryn Garner’s 1636 trial and death would certainly explain a lot, if true, but at present it must be considered an unsubstantiated family legend.Research Note:
The story of Katharn being "found innocent of Witch Craft in Trial by Water" appears in an undated and unsigned article that appears online at: http://www.danel.us/family-history-and-genealogy/ . This article has been copied and reproduced in a number genealogical websites. Current research suggests that this article contains a number of questionable assumptions, so it is recommended that readers use caution when considering the genealogical connections mentioned in this article.
This article states in part: "Katharn Garner, the wife of Richard Garner, ...Welshwoman, found innocent of Witch Craft in Trial by Water. ('2 pounds for burial in Christian ground;') Shropshire, England, 1636. Katharn was “tried by ordeal” with the dunking stool, and that she was acquitted because she obligingly died in witness to her innocence. Some kind of heresy or witchcraft was supposedly the charge. The following year, 1637, Richard Garner went with their four-year-old son to Farrar’s Island in Virginia."
However, on 6 July 2010, Patrick Garner stated the following: "There is no verifiable evidence for the Kathryn Garner witchcraft story. It originated with a researcher by the name of Nathan Garner in 1991. Please see my post in this forum for the details: http://genforum.genealogy.com/garner/messages/6345.html. No one has found baptismal records, a marriage record nor burial records for her or her husband Richard, so we cannot prove exactly where or when either one was born, married or died. The only parish record that has been found is that of the baptism of their son John at St. Chad's parish church in Shrewsbury on 2 Sept 1634." (Source: http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~otstott/ind1636.html)
Marriage Notes for Richard Garner and Katharn -1595
"Richard Garner" and "Katharn" are listed in the christening record of their son, John Garner, as follows: The christening of "John Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 98), which states that he was christened on 2 September 1634 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Richard Garner" and "Katharn". Note: Katharn has also been identified in later sources as "Katherine" and "Kathryn".
The christening and burial of "John Gardenor" is listed in the parish register of St. Julian, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 510676, and viewable on FindMyPast), which states that he was christened on 30 November 1632 and buried on 3 December 1632 in St. Julian, Shrewsbury, and that his father was "Richard Gardenor".
See: https://sites.google.com/view/scfo/garner-ancestry
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John Garner is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
This is an update on what I have learned regarding Richard Garner of Shrewsbury to date. I am indebted to David Austerberry, a fellow member of the Shropshire Family History Society, for providing me with the complete Gardner extracts from the unpublished parish registers of St. Alkmund's and St. Julian's. (I already had those from St. Mary's and St. Chad's.) He also gave me his expertise on the Shrewsbury Gardners from whom he believes our Richard descends and why.
Let me say at the outset that I am convinced that the original surname was Gardiner and that family members and record keepers were simply inconsistent in its spelling. (The illiteracy of many of our ancestors contributed to this.)Thus, we have various members of the same family or descent recorded as Gardiner, Gardener, Gardner, Gardnor, Garner, Garnar, etc. One example of this phenomena are the St. Chad baptismal records of the children of John and Elizabeth Garner, who were contemporaries of our Richard (and probably related). They had thirteen children, of whom eleven survived. With two exceptions, both parents' names were entered in each baptismal record. Of the thirteen records, the name is rendered "Garner" in eleven, "Gardner" in one, and "Gardiner" in three. Another example: in John Garner of Virginia's 1702 will, his name was rendered as "Garner", but that of his wife Susanna, the executor, and that of his grandson William, a witness, were rendered as "Gardner".
After examining the records of all four parishes, it is evident that there were only two Richard Gardners living in Shrewsbury in the opening decades of the 17th century:
One was the Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish, who was married to Katherine and whose son John was baptized in that parish in 1634. He may have been the father of another John who was baptized and buried in St. Julian's church in 1632. Richard has no baptismal record, as the St. Chad registers prior to 1616 have not survived. His lineage no doubt lies in those missing registers. He and his family disappear from the registers after the sole entry of the 1634 christening of his son.
The other Richard Gardner was a dyer and innkeeper of St. Mary's parish. He was the son of a John Gardner and the grandson of Richard Gardiner, the dyer of Frankwell. His ancestry is outlined in Herald's Visitation to Shropshire 1623. After 1623, we have the baptismal records of his three daughters: Mary (1636), Sarah (1638) and Mary (1644). He also had a daughter named Elizabeth who died in 1641, but have only her burial record. These are all in the St. Mary's parish registers. That he was their father, is also attested to in the Gardner pedigree by James Lawson and another Gardner pedigree prepared by Rev. Fletcher which I recently acquired from the Shropshire Archives. The Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish died in Shrewsbury in 1646.
As the vital records of Richard's parents, siblings, and immediate forebears are probably lost with the missing St. Chad registers, I had to look for other records to find what information may exist about him and his ancestry. One advantage I had in evaluating any records I may find is that the Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish was apprenticed in the Drapers Company in 1605, near or before the time when Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish would have reasonably been born. Apprenticeships were typically entered in one's teens, which means that the Richard of St. Mary's was substantially older than the Richard of St. Chad's. Thus, the dating of a record would determine which of these two Richards it referred to.
I have found two records whose chronology would only fit the Richard of St. Chad's, not the Richard of St. Mary's:
The first is the admission of a Richard Gardener to the Shrewsbury School 13 December 1619. Among the Gardners who enrolled in the 16th and early 17th century, he is the only Richard. He was admitted into the third form (the lowest). The sucessful student was expected to progress to the first form before he left the school. The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average. His enrollment fee was 4 pence - not very much. This indicates that he was the son of a burgess of Shrewsbury town. This information (as well the data for all the Gardner enrollees for the period) was provided by Mike Morrough, the archivist for the Shrewsbury School.
The second record was an apprenticeship list. Since many of the Shrewsbury Gardners were Drapers, I looked online for any evidence that our Richard was a member of that Company. The only Richard mentioned in the Drapers records I was able to find was the one of St. Mary's parish. However, I found an apprentice record for what appears to be our Richard in a book called Transactions of the Shropshire Archaelogical and Natural History Society, Vol. IV, 1881. (Google books) The chapter on "The Guilds of Shrewsbury" by Rev. W.A. Leighton contains excerpts from the records of the "Companie of Taylers and Skinners in the Town of Salop", including the apprenticeship lists. On page 230 is the following entry, the only Gardners on the list:
1621 Nov. 22. Richard Gardner s. of George Gardner of Shrewsbury deceased to Roger Cocke.(departed without freedom).
[Online source: https://books.google.com/books?id=cQAVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=the+guilds+of+shrewsbury,+by+w.a.leighton&source=bl&ots=7eBA_j4u98&sig=xDHy4R38vXVwYccVMUoSjfQ2Veg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim7_DwuYHUAhVU4GMKHY2dA2EQ6AEILDAB#v=snippet&q=gardner&f=false]
The date is the date of indenture, that is, the date Richard entered into his apprenticeship. This tells us that his father was named George, who was "of Shrewsbury", i.e. a burgess of the town and who had died by Nov. 22,1621. An apprenticeship normally lasted 7 years and according to the bylaws of the company the apprentice had to be at least 24 years old to gain freeman status upon the completion of his apprenticeship. So Richard was probably in his teens. Roger Cocke was the man to whom he was apprenticed. However, this record also tells us that Richard left the apprenticeship before completing it. When, it does not say.
So the picture that emerges of Richard so far is this:
He was born in the St. Chad's parish of Shrewsbury, possibly in the suburb of Frankwell, probably in the first decade of the 17th century. His father was a George Gardner. He was admitted in the Shrewsbury School in 1619. By 1621, his father had died and in that year Richard entered into an apprenticeship with Roger Cocke in the Company of Taylers and Skinners [furriers] in Shrewsbury. Sometime during the next seven years Richard left the guild without becoming a freeman. What occupation or trade he subsequently pursued is not known.
He married Katherine, possibly as early as 1631, and may have fathered a son John in 1632, who did not survive infancy. Katherine bore him another son, John, in 1634. By 1637, Richard and his son John were present on Farrar's Island, Henrico County, Virginia. Katherine had died by then, the circumstances of which are not known. There exists no public record of Richard after 1637. John appears next in a 1650 land patent in Northumberland County.
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell, but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions".
"George Gardner" is listed in the "Shrewsbury School Register, 1562-1596" (via online FindMyPast), which records him as being a pupil of the school in 1580 (page 65) and 1586 (page 105). According to Patrick Garner, "The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average". (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/)
George Gardner is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
This is an update on what I have learned regarding Richard Garner of Shrewsbury to date. I am indebted to David Austerberry, a fellow member of the Shropshire Family History Society, for providing me with the complete Gardner extracts from the unpublished parish registers of St. Alkmund's and St. Julian's. (I already had those from St. Mary's and St. Chad's.) He also gave me his expertise on the Shrewsbury Gardners from whom he believes our Richard descends and why.
Let me say at the outset that I am convinced that the original surname was Gardiner and that family members and record keepers were simply inconsistent in its spelling. (The illiteracy of many of our ancestors contributed to this.)Thus, we have various members of the same family or descent recorded as Gardiner, Gardener, Gardner, Gardnor, Garner, Garnar, etc. One example of this phenomena are the St. Chad baptismal records of the children of John and Elizabeth Garner, who were contemporaries of our Richard (and probably related). They had thirteen children, of whom eleven survived. With two exceptions, both parents' names were entered in each baptismal record. Of the thirteen records, the name is rendered "Garner" in eleven, "Gardner" in one, and "Gardiner" in three. Another example: in John Garner of Virginia's 1702 will, his name was rendered as "Garner", but that of his wife Susanna, the executor, and that of his grandson William, a witness, were rendered as "Gardner".
After examining the records of all four parishes, it is evident that there were only two Richard Gardners living in Shrewsbury in the opening decades of the 17th century:
One was the Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish, who was married to Katherine and whose son John was baptized in that parish in 1634. He may have been the father of another John who was baptized and buried in St. Julian's church in 1632. Richard has no baptismal record, as the St. Chad registers prior to 1616 have not survived. His lineage no doubt lies in those missing registers. He and his family disappear from the registers after the sole entry of the 1634 christening of his son.
The other Richard Gardner was a dyer and innkeeper of St. Mary's parish. He was the son of a John Gardner and the grandson of Richard Gardiner, the dyer of Frankwell. His ancestry is outlined in Herald's Visitation to Shropshire 1623. After 1623, we have the baptismal records of his three daughters: Mary (1636), Sarah (1638) and Mary (1644). He also had a daughter named Elizabeth who died in 1641, but have only her burial record. These are all in the St. Mary's parish registers. That he was their father, is also attested to in the Gardner pedigree by James Lawson and another Gardner pedigree prepared by Rev. Fletcher which I recently acquired from the Shropshire Archives. The Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish died in Shrewsbury in 1646.
As the vital records of Richard's parents, siblings, and immediate forebears are probably lost with the missing St. Chad registers, I had to look for other records to find what information may exist about him and his ancestry. One advantage I had in evaluating any records I may find is that the Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish was apprenticed in the Drapers Company in 1605, near or before the time when Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish would have reasonably been born. Apprenticeships were typically entered in one's teens, which means that the Richard of St. Mary's was substantially older than the Richard of St. Chad's. Thus, the dating of a record would determine which of these two Richards it referred to.
I have found two records whose chronology would only fit the Richard of St. Chad's, not the Richard of St. Mary's:
The first is the admission of a Richard Gardener to the Shrewsbury School 13 December 1619. Among the Gardners who enrolled in the 16th and early 17th century, he is the only Richard. He was admitted into the third form (the lowest). The sucessful student was expected to progress to the first form before he left the school. The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average. His enrollment fee was 4 pence - not very much. This indicates that he was the son of a burgess of Shrewsbury town. This information (as well the data for all the Gardner enrollees for the period) was provided by Mike Morrough, the archivist for the Shrewsbury School.
The second record was an apprenticeship list. Since many of the Shrewsbury Gardners were Drapers, I looked online for any evidence that our Richard was a member of that Company. The only Richard mentioned in the Drapers records I was able to find was the one of St. Mary's parish. However, I found an apprentice record for what appears to be our Richard in a book called Transactions of the Shropshire Archaelogical and Natural History Society, Vol. IV, 1881. (Google books) The chapter on "The Guilds of Shrewsbury" by Rev. W.A. Leighton contains excerpts from the records of the "Companie of Taylers and Skinners in the Town of Salop", including the apprenticeship lists. On page 230 is the following entry, the only Gardners on the list:
1621 Nov. 22. Richard Gardner s. of George Gardner of Shrewsbury deceased to Roger Cocke.(departed without freedom).
[Online source: https://books.google.com/books?id=cQAVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=the+guilds+of+shrewsbury,+by+w.a.leighton&source=bl&ots=7eBA_j4u98&sig=xDHy4R38vXVwYccVMUoSjfQ2Veg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim7_DwuYHUAhVU4GMKHY2dA2EQ6AEILDAB#v=snippet&q=gardner&f=false]
The date is the date of indenture, that is, the date Richard entered into his apprenticeship. This tells us that his father was named George, who was "of Shrewsbury", i.e. a burgess of the town and who had died by Nov. 22,1621. An apprenticeship normally lasted 7 years and according to the bylaws of the company the apprentice had to be at least 24 years old to gain freeman status upon the completion of his apprenticeship. So Richard was probably in his teens. Roger Cocke was the man to whom he was apprenticed. However, this record also tells us that Richard left the apprenticeship before completing it. When, it does not say.
So the picture that emerges of Richard so far is this:
He was born in the St. Chad's parish of Shrewsbury, possibly in the suburb of Frankwell, probably in the first decade of the 17th century. His father was a George Gardner. He was admitted in the Shrewsbury School in 1619. By 1621, his father had died and in that year Richard entered into an apprenticeship with Roger Cocke in the Company of Taylers and Skinners [furriers] in Shrewsbury. Sometime during the next seven years Richard left the guild without becoming a freeman. What occupation or trade he subsequently pursued is not known.
He married Katherine, possibly as early as 1631, and may have fathered a son John in 1632, who did not survive infancy. Katherine bore him another son, John, in 1634. By 1637, Richard and his son John were present on Farrar's Island, Henrico County, Virginia. Katherine had died by then, the circumstances of which are not known. There exists no public record of Richard after 1637. John appears next in a 1650 land patent in Northumberland County.
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell, but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions".Relationship Note: "George Gardner", the father of "Richard Gardner", was "deceased" by 22 November 1621. George's father could have also been named George and may possibly be the "Georg Garnar" who was buried in 1622 in Shrewsbury, as follows: The burial of "Georg Garnar of the Allmes Howse" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 20), which states that he was buried on 4 May 1622 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury. Further research into this possibility is ongoing.
Research Note: It has been suggested that "George the gardner of Frankwell" who was buried on 7 January 1637 in St. Mary, Shrewbury, is the same person as George Gardner who was born about 1573 and who attended Shrewsbury School in 1580-1586. However, the parish register of St. Mary states that "George" was "the gardner of Frankwell", not that his surname was "Gardner".
The marriage of "Willm. White" and "Magdaline Halliday" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 91083), which states that they were married on 19 December 1647 in Bishopwearmouth, Durham, England.
"William White" is listed in the christening of his two sons, as follows: 1) The christening of "William White" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 91083), which states that he was christened on 10 September 1654 in Bishopwearmouth, and that his father was "Wiliam White"; and 2) The christening of "Thomas White" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 91083), which states that he was christened on 26 July 1657 in Bishopwearmouth, and that his father was "Wiliame White".
The burial of "William White" is listed in the "National Burial Index for England & Wales Transcription" (via online FindMyPast), which state that he was buried on 9 July 1656 at St. Michael & All Angels, Bishopwearmouth, Durham, England.
Research Note: "William White" was born about 1622 and had at least two sons (William and Thomas) who were both christened in Bishopwearmouth, Durham. This William (b.abt.1622) may have been the son of another "William White" who was christened in 1595 in Bishopwearmouth. Further research into this possibility is ongoing.
The christening of "Magdalen Halliday" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 91083), which states that she was christened on 21 March 1624 in Bishopwearmouth, Durham, and that her father was "George Halliday".
The marriage of "Willm. White" and "Magdaline Halliday" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 91083), which states that they were married on 19 December 1647 in Bishopwearmouth, Durham, England.
Marriage Notes for William White and Magdaline Halliday-1614
The marriage of "Willm. White" and "Magdaline Halliday" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 91083), which states that they were married on 19 December 1647 in Bishopwearmouth, Durham, England.
The christening of "William White" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 91083), which states that he was christened on 10 September 1654 in Bishopwearmouth, and that his father was "Wiliam White".
The burial of "William White" is listed in the "National Burial Index for England & Wales Transcription" (via online FindMyPast), which state that he was buried on 6 July 1684 at St. Michael & All Angels, Bishopwearmouth, Durham, England.
The christening of "Willia [William] White" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 91082), which states that he was christened on 12 January 1594/1595 in Bishopwearmouth, Durham, England, and that he was of "Wer" (Weremouth).
The burial of "William White" is listed in the "National Burial Index for England & Wales Transcription" (via online FindMyPast), which state that he was buried on 7 February 1646 at St. Michael & All Angels, Bishopwearmouth, Durham, England.