"John Garner" (Gardner, Gerner, Garnar, Granor, Garnor, Gardiner or Gardenor) is listed as the husband of "Elizabeth" in the christening records of their children, who were all christened in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, between 1625 and 1647. Also, he is listed in the christening and burial records of some of his children as being an "Ironmonger"--which was a hardware merchant.
Burial information on John Garner was obtained from FamilySearch Tree. This needs to be verified.
Relationship Note: Based on duration, location and patronymics, John Garner was possibly the son of George Gardner and the older brother of Richard Garner. Interestingly, John Garner named his first son, John--possibly after himself, and his second son George--possibly after his father.
"Elizabeth" is listed as the wife of "John Garner (Gardner, Gerner, Garnar, Granor, Garnor, Gardiner or Gardenor) in the christening records of their 16 children, who were all christened in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, between 1625 and 1647.
Marriage Notes for John Garner and Elizabeth -460
The marriage of "John Garner" and "Elizabeth Tucker" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 990430 Item #2 and 1696464 Items 4-5), which states that they were married on 31 August 1626 in Banbury, Oxfordshire, England.
The christening of "John Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 43), which states that he was christened on 20 August 1625 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "John Gardner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "John Gardner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that he was christened on 30 August 1625 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that his parents were "John Gardner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "George Gerner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 52), which states that he was christened on 12 February 1626/1627 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "John Gerner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "George Gerner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that he was christened on 12 February 1627 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that his parents were "John Gerner" and "Elizabeth".
The burial of "George Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 53), which states that he was christened on 20 May 1627 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his father was "John Garner".
The burial of "George Garner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 1701330), which states that he was buried on 20 May 1627 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that his father was "John Garner".
The christening of "Mary Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 57), which states that she was christened on 4 March 1627/1628 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The burial of "Mary Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 68), which states that she was buried on 23 September 1629 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her father was "John Garner".
The christening and burial of "Mary Garner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 908235), which states that she was christened on 4 March 1628 and buried on 23 September 1629 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that her parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Samuell Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 65), which states that he was christened on 15 March 1628/1629 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Samuell Garner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 908235), which states that he was christened on 15 March 1629 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that his parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Josua Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 71), which states that he was christened on 15 April 1630 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The burial of "Josua Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 72), which states that he was buried on 2 July 1630 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his father was "Mr. John Garner".
The christening and burial of "Josua Garnar" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 908235), which states that he was christened on 15 April 1630 and buried on 2 July 1630 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that his parents were "John Garnar" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Katharn Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 86), which states that she was christened on 20 September 1632 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Katharn Garner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that she was christened on 20 September 1632 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that her parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The burial of "Katharin Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 239), which states that she was buried on 30 April 1653 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her father was "John Garner [an] Ironmoger"--which was a hardware merchant.
The christening of "Ann Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 93), which states that she was christened on 1 December 1633 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The burial of "Aann Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 114), which states that she was buried on 25 May 1637 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her father was "John Garner".
The christening and burial of "Ann (or Aann) Garner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that she was christened on 1 December 1633 and buried on 25 May 1637 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that her parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Daniell Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 101, which states that he was christened on 8 March 1634/1635 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Mr. John Garner" and "Elizabeth, his wife".
The christening of "Daniell Garner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 908235 asnd 1701330), which states that he was christened on 8 March 1634/1635 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that his parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The burial of "a child of Mr. John Garnars" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 104, which states that he was buried on 9 September 1635 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury. Note: This child was probably the "Daniell Garner" who was christened on 8 March 1635 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury.
The christening of "Georg Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 118, which states that he was christened on 11 February 1637/1638 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Mr. John Garner" and "Elizabeth his wife".
The christening of "Georg Garner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 908235), which states that he was christened on 11 February 1638 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that his parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The burial of "George Gardiner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 192), which states that he was buried on 16 July 1648 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his father was "Mr. John Gardiner, [an] Ironmoger"--which was a hardware merchant.
The christening of "Sara Garnor" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 125), which states that she was christened on 29 September 1639 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her parents were "John Garnor, [an] Iarmongor [Ironmonger--which was a hardware merchant] and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Sara Garnor" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that she was christened on 29 September 1639 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that her parents were "John Garnor" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Nehemiah Gardiner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 134), which states that he was christened on 14 February 1640/1641 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Mr. John Gardiner" and "Elizth".
The christening of "Nehemiah Gardiner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that he was christened on 14 February 1641 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that his parents were "John Gardiner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Anne Gardiner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 144), which states that she was christened on 30 May 1642 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her parents were "Mr. John Gardiner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Anne Gardiner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that she was christened on 30 May 1642 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that her parents were "John Gardiner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Abigal Gardiner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 155), which states that she was christened on 2 August 1643 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her parents were "Mr. John Gardiner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Abigal Gardiner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that he was christened on 2 August 1643 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that his parents were "John Gardiner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Martha Gardenor" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 182), which states that she was christened on 28 March 1647 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her parents were "Mr. John Gardenor" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Martha Gardenor" or "Martha Gardenonor" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that she was christened on 28 March 1647 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that her parents were "John Gardenor" or "John Gardenonor" and "Elizabeth".
The burial of "Martha Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 194), which states that she was buried on 11 October 1648 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her father was "Mr. John Gardner, [an] Ironmoger"--which was a hardware merchant.
"Richard Garner" and "Katharn" are listed in the christening record of their son, John Garner, as follows: The christening of "John Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 98), which states that he was christened on 2 September 1634 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Richard Garner" and "Katharn." Note: Katharn has also been identified in later sources as "Katherine" and "Kathryn."
See: https://sites.google.com/view/scfo/garner-ancestry
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Caution: No original document has been found that directly links this Richard Garner of Shropshire to the Richard Garner who settled in Virginia--as mentioned below.
Richard Garner is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
This is an update on what I have learned regarding Richard Garner of Shrewsbury to date. I am indebted to David Austerberry, a fellow member of the Shropshire Family History Society, for providing me with the complete Gardner extracts from the unpublished parish registers of St. Alkmund's and St. Julian's. (I already had those from St. Mary's and St. Chad's.) He also gave me his expertise on the Shrewsbury Gardners from whom he believes our Richard descends and why.
Let me say at the outset that I am convinced that the original surname was Gardiner and that family members and record keepers were simply inconsistent in its spelling. (The illiteracy of many of our ancestors contributed to this.)Thus, we have various members of the same family or descent recorded as Gardiner, Gardener, Gardner, Gardnor, Garner, Garnar, etc. One example of this phenomena are the St. Chad baptismal records of the children of John and Elizabeth Garner, who were contemporaries of our Richard (and probably related). They had thirteen children, of whom eleven survived. With two exceptions, both parents' names were entered in each baptismal record. Of the thirteen records, the name is rendered "Garner" in eleven, "Gardner" in one, and "Gardiner" in three. Another example: in John Garner of Virginia's 1702 will, his name was rendered as "Garner", but that of his wife Susanna, the executor, and that of his grandson William, a witness, were rendered as "Gardner".
After examining the records of all four parishes, it is evident that there were only two Richard Gardners living in Shrewsbury in the opening decades of the 17th century:
One was the Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish, who was married to Katherine and whose son John was baptized in that parish in 1634. He may have been the father of another John who was baptized and buried in St. Julian's church in 1632. Richard has no baptismal record, as the St. Chad registers prior to 1616 have not survived. His lineage no doubt lies in those missing registers. He and his family disappear from the registers after the sole entry of the 1634 christening of his son.
The other Richard Gardner was a dyer and innkeeper of St. Mary's parish. He was the son of a John Gardner and the grandson of Richard Gardiner, the dyer of Frankwell. His ancestry is outlined in Herald's Visitation to Shropshire 1623. After 1623, we have the baptismal records of his three daughters: Mary (1636), Sarah (1638) and Mary (1644). He also had a daughter named Elizabeth who died in 1641, but have only her burial record. These are all in the St. Mary's parish registers. That he was their father, is also attested to in the Gardner pedigree by James Lawson and another Gardner pedigree prepared by Rev. Fletcher which I recently acquired from the Shropshire Archives. The Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish died in Shrewsbury in 1646.
As the vital records of Richard's parents, siblings, and immediate forebears are probably lost with the missing St. Chad registers, I had to look for other records to find what information may exist about him and his ancestry. One advantage I had in evaluating any records I may find is that the Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish was apprenticed in the Drapers Company in 1605, near or before the time when Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish would have reasonably been born. Apprenticeships were typically entered in one's teens, which means that the Richard of St. Mary's was substantially older than the Richard of St. Chad's. Thus, the dating of a record would determine which of these two Richards it referred to.
I have found two records whose chronology would only fit the Richard of St. Chad's, not the Richard of St. Mary's:
The first is the admission of a Richard Gardener to the Shrewsbury School 13 December 1619. Among the Gardners who enrolled in the 16th and early 17th century, he is the only Richard. He was admitted into the third form (the lowest). The sucessful student was expected to progress to the first form before he left the school. The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average. His enrollment fee was 4 pence - not very much. This indicates that he was the son of a burgess of Shrewsbury town. This information (as well the data for all the Gardner enrollees for the period) was provided by Mike Morrough, the archivist for the Shrewsbury School.
The second record was an apprenticeship list. Since many of the Shrewsbury Gardners were Drapers, I looked online for any evidence that our Richard was a member of that Company. The only Richard mentioned in the Drapers records I was able to find was the one of St. Mary's parish. However, I found an apprentice record for what appears to be our Richard in a book called Transactions of the Shropshire Archaelogical and Natural History Society, Vol. IV, 1881. (Google books) The chapter on "The Guilds of Shrewsbury" by Rev. W.A. Leighton contains excerpts from the records of the "Companie of Taylers and Skinners in the Town of Salop", including the apprenticeship lists. On page 230 is the following entry, the only Gardners on the list:
1621 Nov. 22. Richard Gardner s. of George Gardner of Shrewsbury deceased to Roger Cocke.(departed without freedom).
[Online source: https://books.google.com/books?id=cQAVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=the+guilds+of+shrewsbury,+by+w.a.leighton&source=bl&ots=7eBA_j4u98&sig=xDHy4R38vXVwYccVMUoSjfQ2Veg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim7_DwuYHUAhVU4GMKHY2dA2EQ6AEILDAB#v=snippet&q=gardner&f=false]
The date is the date of indenture, that is, the date Richard entered into his apprenticeship. This tells us that his father was named George, who was "of Shrewsbury", i.e. a burgess of the town and who had died by Nov. 22,1621. An apprenticeship normally lasted 7 years and according to the bylaws of the company the apprentice had to be at least 24 years old to gain freeman status upon the completion of his apprenticeship. So Richard was probably in his teens. Roger Cocke was the man to whom he was apprenticed. However, this record also tells us that Richard left the apprenticeship before completing it. When, it does not say.
So the picture that emerges of Richard so far is this:
He was born in the St. Chad's parish of Shrewsbury, possibly in the suburb of Frankwell, probably in the first decade of the 17th century. His father was a George Gardner. He was admitted in the Shrewsbury School in 1619. By 1621, his father had died and in that year Richard entered into an apprenticeship with Roger Cocke in the Company of Taylers and Skinners [furriers] in Shrewsbury. Sometime during the next seven years Richard left the guild without becoming a freeman. What occupation or trade he subsequently pursued is not known.
He married Katherine, possibly as early as 1631, and may have fathered a son John in 1632, who did not survive infancy. Katherine bore him another son, John, in 1634. By 1637, Richard and his son John were present on Farrar's Island, Henrico County [later Chesterfield County], Virginia. Katherine had died by then, the circumstances of which are not known. There exists no public record of Richard after 1637. John appears next in a 1650 land patent in Northumberland County.
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell, but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions".
"Richard Garner" and "Katharn" are listed in the christening record of their son, John Garner, as follows: The christening of "John Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 98), which states that he was christened on 2 September 1634 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Richard Garner" and "Katharn". Note: Katharn has also been identified in later sources as "Katherine" and "Kathryn".
See: https://sites.google.com/view/scfo/garner-ancestry
-----
Caution: No original document has been found that directly links this Richard Garner of Shropshire to the Richard Garner who settled in Virginia--as mentioned below.
Katharn, the wife of Richard Garner, is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
This is an update on what I have learned regarding Richard Garner of Shrewsbury to date. I am indebted to David Austerberry, a fellow member of the Shropshire Family History Society, for providing me with the complete Gardner extracts from the unpublished parish registers of St. Alkmund's and St. Julian's. (I already had those from St. Mary's and St. Chad's.) He also gave me his expertise on the Shrewsbury Gardners from whom he believes our Richard descends and why.
Let me say at the outset that I am convinced that the original surname was Gardiner and that family members and record keepers were simply inconsistent in its spelling. (The illiteracy of many of our ancestors contributed to this.)Thus, we have various members of the same family or descent recorded as Gardiner, Gardener, Gardner, Gardnor, Garner, Garnar, etc. One example of this phenomena are the St. Chad baptismal records of the children of John and Elizabeth Garner, who were contemporaries of our Richard (and probably related). They had thirteen children, of whom eleven survived. With two exceptions, both parents' names were entered in each baptismal record. Of the thirteen records, the name is rendered "Garner" in eleven, "Gardner" in one, and "Gardiner" in three. Another example: in John Garner of Virginia's 1702 will, his name was rendered as "Garner", but that of his wife Susanna, the executor, and that of his grandson William, a witness, were rendered as "Gardner".
After examining the records of all four parishes, it is evident that there were only two Richard Gardners living in Shrewsbury in the opening decades of the 17th century:
One was the Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish, who was married to Katherine and whose son John was baptized in that parish in 1634. He may have been the father of another John who was baptized and buried in St. Julian's church in 1632. Richard has no baptismal record, as the St. Chad registers prior to 1616 have not survived. His lineage no doubt lies in those missing registers. He and his family disappear from the registers after the sole entry of the 1634 christening of his son.
The other Richard Gardner was a dyer and innkeeper of St. Mary's parish. He was the son of a John Gardner and the grandson of Richard Gardiner, the dyer of Frankwell. His ancestry is outlined in Herald's Visitation to Shropshire 1623. After 1623, we have the baptismal records of his three daughters: Mary (1636), Sarah (1638) and Mary (1644). He also had a daughter named Elizabeth who died in 1641, but have only her burial record. These are all in the St. Mary's parish registers. That he was their father, is also attested to in the Gardner pedigree by James Lawson and another Gardner pedigree prepared by Rev. Fletcher which I recently acquired from the Shropshire Archives. The Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish died in Shrewsbury in 1646.
As the vital records of Richard's parents, siblings, and immediate forebears are probably lost with the missing St. Chad registers, I had to look for other records to find what information may exist about him and his ancestry. One advantage I had in evaluating any records I may find is that the Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish was apprenticed in the Drapers Company in 1605, near or before the time when Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish would have reasonably been born. Apprenticeships were typically entered in one's teens, which means that the Richard of St. Mary's was substantially older than the Richard of St. Chad's. Thus, the dating of a record would determine which of these two Richards it referred to.
I have found two records whose chronology would only fit the Richard of St. Chad's, not the Richard of St. Mary's:
The first is the admission of a Richard Gardener to the Shrewsbury School 13 December 1619. Among the Gardners who enrolled in the 16th and early 17th century, he is the only Richard. He was admitted into the third form (the lowest). The sucessful student was expected to progress to the first form before he left the school. The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average. His enrollment fee was 4 pence - not very much. This indicates that he was the son of a burgess of Shrewsbury town. This information (as well the data for all the Gardner enrollees for the period) was provided by Mike Morrough, the archivist for the Shrewsbury School.
The second record was an apprenticeship list. Since many of the Shrewsbury Gardners were Drapers, I looked online for any evidence that our Richard was a member of that Company. The only Richard mentioned in the Drapers records I was able to find was the one of St. Mary's parish. However, I found an apprentice record for what appears to be our Richard in a book called Transactions of the Shropshire Archaelogical and Natural History Society, Vol. IV, 1881. (Google books) The chapter on "The Guilds of Shrewsbury" by Rev. W.A. Leighton contains excerpts from the records of the "Companie of Taylers and Skinners in the Town of Salop", including the apprenticeship lists. On page 230 is the following entry, the only Gardners on the list:
1621 Nov. 22. Richard Gardner s. of George Gardner of Shrewsbury deceased to Roger Cocke.(departed without freedom).
The date is the date of indenture, that is, the date Richard entered into his apprenticeship. This tells us that his father was named George, who was "of Shrewsbury", i.e. a burgess of the town and who had died by Nov. 22,1621. An apprenticeship normally lasted 7 years and according to the bylaws of the company the apprentice had to be at least 24 years old to gain freeman status upon the completion of his apprenticeship. So Richard was probably in his teens. Roger Cocke was the man to whom he was apprenticed. However, this record also tells us that Richard left the apprenticeship before completing it. When, it does not say.
So the picture that emerges of Richard so far is this:
He was born in the St. Chad's parish of Shrewsbury, possibly in the suburb of Frankwell, probably in the first decade of the 17th century. His father was a George Gardner. He was admitted in the Shrewsbury School in 1619. By 1621, his father had died and in that year Richard entered into an apprenticeship with Roger Cocke in the Company of Taylers and Skinners [furriers] in Shrewsbury. Sometime during the next seven years Richard left the guild without becoming a freeman. What occupation or trade he subsequently pursued is not known.
He married Katherine, possibly as early as 1631, and may have fathered a son John in 1632, who did not survive infancy. Katherine bore him another son, John, in 1634. By 1637, Richard and his son John were present on Farrar's Island, Henrico County, Virginia. Katherine had died by then, the circumstances of which are not known. There exists no public record of Richard after 1637. John appears next in a 1650 land patent in Northumberland County.
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell, but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions"."Kathryn Garner" is listed in the following article produced by Patrick Garner on 1 January 2010 and which can be found online at: http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6345/ :
A story which has become part of the lore of the Garner family history is that of the death of a Kathryn Garner in Shropshire, England in 1636 during her trial by water for witchcraft. Trial by water involved binding the accused, weighing them with stones and throwing them into a body of water. If the accused person (in the case of witchcraft, usually a woman) escaped her bonds, this was taken to “prove” that she was guilty, since it was believed that only Satanic assistance could have enabled her to escape, and she would then be burned at the stake. However, if she drowned, this “proved” her innocence and she would be buried in Christian ground at the Crown’s expense. In Kathryn’s case, she drowned.
Furthermore, this Kathryn Garner is then identified with the Katharn Garner who gave birth to John Garner in 1634.She and her husband Richard christened John on September 2 of that year at St. Chad’s parish church in Shrewsbury, in the county of Shropshire.This makes for a convenient timeline, as a Richard and John Garner arrived alone in Henrico County, Virginia by 1637 as immigrants sponsored by William Farrar. If those two were the husband and son of the Shrewsbury Katharn and she was killed “proving” her innocence in 1636, her death would have provided a plausible reason for Richard’s emigration. It would also explain why they arrived without an accompanying wife and mother.
But is the story of the trial and death of Kathryn Garner true? What is the evidence for it? To find out, we must first trace the story to its source. The story is based on a citation found in a list of women tried for witchcraft on this website: www.featherlessbiped.com/burning/burnwit5.htm. The citation reads: “403. Garner, Kathryn’…Welshwoman, found innocent of Witch Craft in Trial by Water. 2 pounds for burial in Christian ground;’ Shropshire, England, 1636”. (There are other websites which list those tried and/or executed as witches, but most seem to be based on this list, especially those that list Kathryn Garner.) The list was compiled by W.J. Bethancourt III and last updated in 2008. The database was begun 20 years ago as the offshoot of a historical research project involving daily life in the Middle Ages. There is an extensive reference page of sources, but some entries were submitted online by individuals with accompanying reference citations. Some of the links in the references no longer work, but I was able to find most of the books listed on google books in searchable form. Searching those books for “Kathryn Garner”. I found no reference to her in any of them. Therefore, it is probable that the Kathryn Garner entry was submitted by a individual sometime after 1990, the oldest copyright date for the site.
Kathryn Garner appears on an earlier version of Mr. Bethancourt’s online list as early as 2002, as it is cited by a Mr. James Garner on the Garner Family Genealogical Forum on August 19, 2002: http://genforum.genealogy.com/garner/messages/4363.html. In a September 23 post on the same forum later that year, he cites Gwen and William Garner as sources for a source citation for the story: “Shrop. C.O. 1636”. Finally, in a November 20, 2002 post, James cites a reporter for a Shropshire newspaper who wrote a article about this.
The reporter James Garner refers to is probably Toby Neal, who wrote an article entitled “She was tried as a witch in 1636, but then what?”, which was published in the December 4, 1999 issue of the Shropshire Star. The text of the article is as follows:During the 17th century, Shropshire woman Katharn Garner was accused of being a witch.
Her accusers realized they had it wrong when they threw her in water - perhaps even the River Severn - and she drowned.
Now if she really had been a witch, she would have escaped her bonds and survived, after which her accusers would have burned her at the stake.
In the event, to make amends for the wrongful prosecution, her husband Richard was given 2 pounds by the Crown to bury his wife in Christian ground.
After losing his wife in such a horrible way, he left England in late 1636 or early in 1637 with his young son, John, for the Colony of Virginia.
The story of Katharn, which may be a variant spelling of Kathryn or Katherine, has been researched by Gwendoline Garner from America, who is the wife of one of Richard’s direct descendants.
Details are sketchy. Richard was baptized in 1604 at Stanton Lacy near Ludlow, and their son John was baptized in 1634. Katharn seems to have been tried in 1636. “Court records for this year state ’Kathryn Garner, Welshwoman, found innoc. of Witch Craft in Trial by Water. 2 pounds for burial in Christian ground’ “, said Mrs. Garner, who lives in Maryland.
She does not know where in Shropshire the trial was conducted or where Katharn was buried.
“In a trial by water the person was bound, weighed down with stones, and thrown in a river or lake for a period longer than they could hold their breath.”
“For a person charged with witchcraft, if she had escaped her bonds, it would have been deemed to be with the help of the Devil and she would have been burned at the stake. If she had somehow survived the ordeal, it would have been deemed due to divine intervention and she would have gone free.”
“If she drowned, as here, she would have been deemed innocent of the charge, and to make amends for wrongful prosecution her burial expenses would be paid for by the Crown.”
“We do not know why she was charged with witchcraft. Normally only old or single women, or the mentally impaired who talked to themselves, faced this kind of charge.”
“However, the English still hated and distrusted the Welsh, even though the two countries had been united since the 1400s, thus her nationality may have been at least part of her problem.”
As for Richard, he had one third interest in the Lion, which she presumes was the Lion Hotel in Wyle Cop, Shrewsbury, which he gave to his brother when he left England.The quotes above attributed to the late Gwendoline Garner are actually lifted verbatim from an unpublished article entitled “The Garner Family of County Shropshire, England”. (I believe the newspaper article was the result of a letter from Gwendoline Garner soliciting information.) The author is a John Garner descendant who traveled to England in 1991 to research the Garner family. Gwendoline Garner acknowledges this person as the source of the information about John and Richard Garner’s Shropshire origins in her Garner-Briggs Bulletin #1 Update, dated 15 March 1991. This bulletin can be viewed here:
http://www.unf.edu/~jgarner/GBUP.pdfhttp://www.unf.edu/~jgarner/GBUP.pdf .
The author of “The Garner Family of County Shropshire, England” seems to be the earliest source for the story of Kathryn Garner’s witchcraft trial and death. The relevant passage reads: “John Garner’s mother, listed as Katharn Garner, in the parish register of St. Chad’s, may have died in 1636, for the court records for that year contain the following entry: "Kathryn Garner, Welshwoman, found innoc. of Witch Craft in trial by Water. 2 pounds for burial in Christian ground. (Shrop. C.O. 1636)." The author does not identify from which court the record is drawn or where the record was found. The “Shrop. C.O. 1636” implies that the trial and/or burial took place in Shropshire in 1636.
To locate the primary record cited for this trial, we must first determine in which courts witchcraft trials would have been held in 17th century Shrosphire. Shropshire is divided into two dioceses: Lichfield and Hereford. The Lichfield and Hereford Record Offices as well as the Shropshire Archives hold parish and court records for Shropshire. An inquiry to the Hereford Record Office yielded the following information about witchcraft trials:
I have extracted the following text from The National Archives website:
"Witchcraft trials in England were most prevalent from the mid-sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century, when a number of laws about witchcraft were passed. The first was an Act of 1542. This made 'any invocations or conjuration of spirits, witchcrafts, inchantments or sorceries' a felony without benefit of the clergy, therefore punishable by hanging. The last act was the Witchcraft Act of 1735."
As far as I'm aware the majority of witchcraft cases were tried at Assize Courts, the records of which are held at The National Archives. Historically Shropshire was part of the Oxford Assize Circuit. Surviving record series' include minute books, indictments, depositions and case papers, estreats, bill of costs and other miscellaneous items.
Witchcraft cases may also have been heard in the Diocesan Courts, and captured in the Diocesan Court Books (Acts of Office or Acts of Instance). The Acts of Office Court Books date from 1407-1639, 1662-1882 and contain cases brought by the church authorities against an individual (lay or clergy). The Acts of Instance Court Books were cases brought by one lay person against another, and mainly cover disputes over wills, tithes and ownership of pews in the church, and cases of slander or defamation of character. These courts had no authority to imprison or hang those found guilty, these cases were heard before the aforesaid Assize Courts. You will need to know what parish your ancestor was residing in to determine where the records are now held. As you are probably well aware, the County of Shropshire is divided into the Diocese of Hereford and Lichfield.
References to witchcraft may also be found in the records of the Quarter Sessions Court. These collections are typically located in the local record office, so I would therefore suggest contacting Shropshire Archives.
Since the majority of witchcraft cases were tried in the Assize Courts, I examined the references to these court records on the website of the British National Archives and found that there are no records pertaining to Shropshire that survive prior to 1654.An email inquiry to the National Archives confirmed this.
Next, having already heard from the Hereford Record Office, I inquired with the remaining two local record offices on the chance that the case was tried in the Diocesan or Quarter Session Courts.The replies I received were as follows:
Lichfield Record Office: “I have checked our indexes to Church Court cause papers for any witchcraft cases, but there is nothing before the 1660s. I’ve had a look at our online catalogue, but there is no reference to Kathryn Garner there either.”
Shropshire Archives: “Quarter sessions records survive only from 1638 and are very patchy until 1657. I checked the listing for the January session 1638-39, but there is no mention of Katherine Garner nor yet in the session of March 1640, we hold nothing more until 1657.I can find no reference to Katherine Garner on our general catalogue.”
In conclusion, there appears to be no surviving court documents pertaining to Shropshire to substantiate this story. This makes the question moot as to whether the Kathryn Garner who allegedly died in 1636 is the same woman who gave birth to John Garner. But if she did not die at trial in 1636, what happened to John’s mother? If he and his father were the John and Richard Garner who emigrated to Henrico County by 1637, why is Katharn not mentioned among the headrights transported by William Farrar?
Did she perhaps die between 1634 and 1637 in Shropshire? If so, there would be a burial record in the St. Chad’s parish register, but there is not. Did she perhaps die on the voyage to Virginia? Since we have yet to find the passenger list for John and Richard’s voyage, we have no way of knowing if she was with them. The story of Kathryn Garner’s 1636 trial and death would certainly explain a lot, if true, but at present it must be considered an unsubstantiated family legend.Research Note:
The story of Katharn being "found innocent of Witch Craft in Trial by Water" appears in an undated and unsigned article that appears online at: http://www.danel.us/family-history-and-genealogy/ . This article has been copied and reproduced in a number genealogical websites. Current research suggests that this article contains a number of questionable assumptions, so it is recommended that readers use caution when considering the genealogical connections mentioned in this article.
This article states in part: "Katharn Garner, the wife of Richard Garner, ...Welshwoman, found innocent of Witch Craft in Trial by Water. ('2 pounds for burial in Christian ground;') Shropshire, England, 1636. Katharn was “tried by ordeal” with the dunking stool, and that she was acquitted because she obligingly died in witness to her innocence. Some kind of heresy or witchcraft was supposedly the charge. The following year, 1637, Richard Garner went with their four-year-old son to Farrar’s Island in Virginia."
However, on 6 July 2010, Patrick Garner stated the following: "There is no verifiable evidence for the Kathryn Garner witchcraft story. It originated with a researcher by the name of Nathan Garner in 1991. Please see my post in this forum for the details: http://genforum.genealogy.com/garner/messages/6345.html. No one has found baptismal records, a marriage record nor burial records for her or her husband Richard, so we cannot prove exactly where or when either one was born, married or died. The only parish record that has been found is that of the baptism of their son John at St. Chad's parish church in Shrewsbury on 2 Sept 1634." (Source: http://freepages.family.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~otstott/ind1636.html)
Marriage Notes for Richard Garner and Katharn -462
"Richard Garner" and "Katharn" are listed in the christening record of their son, John Garner, as follows: The christening of "John Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 98), which states that he was christened on 2 September 1634 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that his parents were "Richard Garner" and "Katharn". Note: Katharn has also been identified in later sources as "Katherine" and "Kathryn".
The christening and burial of "John Gardenor" is listed in the parish register of St. Julian, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 510676, and viewable on FindMyPast), which states that he was christened on 30 November 1632 and buried on 3 December 1632 in St. Julian, Shrewsbury, and that his father was "Richard Gardenor".
See: https://sites.google.com/view/scfo/garner-ancestry
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John Garner is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
This is an update on what I have learned regarding Richard Garner of Shrewsbury to date. I am indebted to David Austerberry, a fellow member of the Shropshire Family History Society, for providing me with the complete Gardner extracts from the unpublished parish registers of St. Alkmund's and St. Julian's. (I already had those from St. Mary's and St. Chad's.) He also gave me his expertise on the Shrewsbury Gardners from whom he believes our Richard descends and why.
Let me say at the outset that I am convinced that the original surname was Gardiner and that family members and record keepers were simply inconsistent in its spelling. (The illiteracy of many of our ancestors contributed to this.)Thus, we have various members of the same family or descent recorded as Gardiner, Gardener, Gardner, Gardnor, Garner, Garnar, etc. One example of this phenomena are the St. Chad baptismal records of the children of John and Elizabeth Garner, who were contemporaries of our Richard (and probably related). They had thirteen children, of whom eleven survived. With two exceptions, both parents' names were entered in each baptismal record. Of the thirteen records, the name is rendered "Garner" in eleven, "Gardner" in one, and "Gardiner" in three. Another example: in John Garner of Virginia's 1702 will, his name was rendered as "Garner", but that of his wife Susanna, the executor, and that of his grandson William, a witness, were rendered as "Gardner".
After examining the records of all four parishes, it is evident that there were only two Richard Gardners living in Shrewsbury in the opening decades of the 17th century:
One was the Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish, who was married to Katherine and whose son John was baptized in that parish in 1634. He may have been the father of another John who was baptized and buried in St. Julian's church in 1632. Richard has no baptismal record, as the St. Chad registers prior to 1616 have not survived. His lineage no doubt lies in those missing registers. He and his family disappear from the registers after the sole entry of the 1634 christening of his son.
The other Richard Gardner was a dyer and innkeeper of St. Mary's parish. He was the son of a John Gardner and the grandson of Richard Gardiner, the dyer of Frankwell. His ancestry is outlined in Herald's Visitation to Shropshire 1623. After 1623, we have the baptismal records of his three daughters: Mary (1636), Sarah (1638) and Mary (1644). He also had a daughter named Elizabeth who died in 1641, but have only her burial record. These are all in the St. Mary's parish registers. That he was their father, is also attested to in the Gardner pedigree by James Lawson and another Gardner pedigree prepared by Rev. Fletcher which I recently acquired from the Shropshire Archives. The Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish died in Shrewsbury in 1646.
As the vital records of Richard's parents, siblings, and immediate forebears are probably lost with the missing St. Chad registers, I had to look for other records to find what information may exist about him and his ancestry. One advantage I had in evaluating any records I may find is that the Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish was apprenticed in the Drapers Company in 1605, near or before the time when Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish would have reasonably been born. Apprenticeships were typically entered in one's teens, which means that the Richard of St. Mary's was substantially older than the Richard of St. Chad's. Thus, the dating of a record would determine which of these two Richards it referred to.
I have found two records whose chronology would only fit the Richard of St. Chad's, not the Richard of St. Mary's:
The first is the admission of a Richard Gardener to the Shrewsbury School 13 December 1619. Among the Gardners who enrolled in the 16th and early 17th century, he is the only Richard. He was admitted into the third form (the lowest). The sucessful student was expected to progress to the first form before he left the school. The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average. His enrollment fee was 4 pence - not very much. This indicates that he was the son of a burgess of Shrewsbury town. This information (as well the data for all the Gardner enrollees for the period) was provided by Mike Morrough, the archivist for the Shrewsbury School.
The second record was an apprenticeship list. Since many of the Shrewsbury Gardners were Drapers, I looked online for any evidence that our Richard was a member of that Company. The only Richard mentioned in the Drapers records I was able to find was the one of St. Mary's parish. However, I found an apprentice record for what appears to be our Richard in a book called Transactions of the Shropshire Archaelogical and Natural History Society, Vol. IV, 1881. (Google books) The chapter on "The Guilds of Shrewsbury" by Rev. W.A. Leighton contains excerpts from the records of the "Companie of Taylers and Skinners in the Town of Salop", including the apprenticeship lists. On page 230 is the following entry, the only Gardners on the list:
1621 Nov. 22. Richard Gardner s. of George Gardner of Shrewsbury deceased to Roger Cocke.(departed without freedom).
[Online source: https://books.google.com/books?id=cQAVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=the+guilds+of+shrewsbury,+by+w.a.leighton&source=bl&ots=7eBA_j4u98&sig=xDHy4R38vXVwYccVMUoSjfQ2Veg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim7_DwuYHUAhVU4GMKHY2dA2EQ6AEILDAB#v=snippet&q=gardner&f=false]
The date is the date of indenture, that is, the date Richard entered into his apprenticeship. This tells us that his father was named George, who was "of Shrewsbury", i.e. a burgess of the town and who had died by Nov. 22,1621. An apprenticeship normally lasted 7 years and according to the bylaws of the company the apprentice had to be at least 24 years old to gain freeman status upon the completion of his apprenticeship. So Richard was probably in his teens. Roger Cocke was the man to whom he was apprenticed. However, this record also tells us that Richard left the apprenticeship before completing it. When, it does not say.
So the picture that emerges of Richard so far is this:
He was born in the St. Chad's parish of Shrewsbury, possibly in the suburb of Frankwell, probably in the first decade of the 17th century. His father was a George Gardner. He was admitted in the Shrewsbury School in 1619. By 1621, his father had died and in that year Richard entered into an apprenticeship with Roger Cocke in the Company of Taylers and Skinners [furriers] in Shrewsbury. Sometime during the next seven years Richard left the guild without becoming a freeman. What occupation or trade he subsequently pursued is not known.
He married Katherine, possibly as early as 1631, and may have fathered a son John in 1632, who did not survive infancy. Katherine bore him another son, John, in 1634. By 1637, Richard and his son John were present on Farrar's Island, Henrico County, Virginia. Katherine had died by then, the circumstances of which are not known. There exists no public record of Richard after 1637. John appears next in a 1650 land patent in Northumberland County.
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell, but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions".
"George Gardner" is listed in the "Shrewsbury School Register, 1562-1596" (via online FindMyPast), which records him as being a pupil of the school in 1580 (page 65) and 1586 (page 105). According to Patrick Garner, "The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average". (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/)
George Gardner is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
This is an update on what I have learned regarding Richard Garner of Shrewsbury to date. I am indebted to David Austerberry, a fellow member of the Shropshire Family History Society, for providing me with the complete Gardner extracts from the unpublished parish registers of St. Alkmund's and St. Julian's. (I already had those from St. Mary's and St. Chad's.) He also gave me his expertise on the Shrewsbury Gardners from whom he believes our Richard descends and why.
Let me say at the outset that I am convinced that the original surname was Gardiner and that family members and record keepers were simply inconsistent in its spelling. (The illiteracy of many of our ancestors contributed to this.)Thus, we have various members of the same family or descent recorded as Gardiner, Gardener, Gardner, Gardnor, Garner, Garnar, etc. One example of this phenomena are the St. Chad baptismal records of the children of John and Elizabeth Garner, who were contemporaries of our Richard (and probably related). They had thirteen children, of whom eleven survived. With two exceptions, both parents' names were entered in each baptismal record. Of the thirteen records, the name is rendered "Garner" in eleven, "Gardner" in one, and "Gardiner" in three. Another example: in John Garner of Virginia's 1702 will, his name was rendered as "Garner", but that of his wife Susanna, the executor, and that of his grandson William, a witness, were rendered as "Gardner".
After examining the records of all four parishes, it is evident that there were only two Richard Gardners living in Shrewsbury in the opening decades of the 17th century:
One was the Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish, who was married to Katherine and whose son John was baptized in that parish in 1634. He may have been the father of another John who was baptized and buried in St. Julian's church in 1632. Richard has no baptismal record, as the St. Chad registers prior to 1616 have not survived. His lineage no doubt lies in those missing registers. He and his family disappear from the registers after the sole entry of the 1634 christening of his son.
The other Richard Gardner was a dyer and innkeeper of St. Mary's parish. He was the son of a John Gardner and the grandson of Richard Gardiner, the dyer of Frankwell. His ancestry is outlined in Herald's Visitation to Shropshire 1623. After 1623, we have the baptismal records of his three daughters: Mary (1636), Sarah (1638) and Mary (1644). He also had a daughter named Elizabeth who died in 1641, but have only her burial record. These are all in the St. Mary's parish registers. That he was their father, is also attested to in the Gardner pedigree by James Lawson and another Gardner pedigree prepared by Rev. Fletcher which I recently acquired from the Shropshire Archives. The Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish died in Shrewsbury in 1646.
As the vital records of Richard's parents, siblings, and immediate forebears are probably lost with the missing St. Chad registers, I had to look for other records to find what information may exist about him and his ancestry. One advantage I had in evaluating any records I may find is that the Richard Gardner of St. Mary's parish was apprenticed in the Drapers Company in 1605, near or before the time when Richard Gardner of St. Chad's parish would have reasonably been born. Apprenticeships were typically entered in one's teens, which means that the Richard of St. Mary's was substantially older than the Richard of St. Chad's. Thus, the dating of a record would determine which of these two Richards it referred to.
I have found two records whose chronology would only fit the Richard of St. Chad's, not the Richard of St. Mary's:
The first is the admission of a Richard Gardener to the Shrewsbury School 13 December 1619. Among the Gardners who enrolled in the 16th and early 17th century, he is the only Richard. He was admitted into the third form (the lowest). The sucessful student was expected to progress to the first form before he left the school. The enrollment age in the Tudor period ranged from 6 to 17 years of age, with 10/11 being the average. His enrollment fee was 4 pence - not very much. This indicates that he was the son of a burgess of Shrewsbury town. This information (as well the data for all the Gardner enrollees for the period) was provided by Mike Morrough, the archivist for the Shrewsbury School.
The second record was an apprenticeship list. Since many of the Shrewsbury Gardners were Drapers, I looked online for any evidence that our Richard was a member of that Company. The only Richard mentioned in the Drapers records I was able to find was the one of St. Mary's parish. However, I found an apprentice record for what appears to be our Richard in a book called Transactions of the Shropshire Archaelogical and Natural History Society, Vol. IV, 1881. (Google books) The chapter on "The Guilds of Shrewsbury" by Rev. W.A. Leighton contains excerpts from the records of the "Companie of Taylers and Skinners in the Town of Salop", including the apprenticeship lists. On page 230 is the following entry, the only Gardners on the list:
1621 Nov. 22. Richard Gardner s. of George Gardner of Shrewsbury deceased to Roger Cocke.(departed without freedom).
[Online source: https://books.google.com/books?id=cQAVAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=the+guilds+of+shrewsbury,+by+w.a.leighton&source=bl&ots=7eBA_j4u98&sig=xDHy4R38vXVwYccVMUoSjfQ2Veg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwim7_DwuYHUAhVU4GMKHY2dA2EQ6AEILDAB#v=snippet&q=gardner&f=false]
The date is the date of indenture, that is, the date Richard entered into his apprenticeship. This tells us that his father was named George, who was "of Shrewsbury", i.e. a burgess of the town and who had died by Nov. 22,1621. An apprenticeship normally lasted 7 years and according to the bylaws of the company the apprentice had to be at least 24 years old to gain freeman status upon the completion of his apprenticeship. So Richard was probably in his teens. Roger Cocke was the man to whom he was apprenticed. However, this record also tells us that Richard left the apprenticeship before completing it. When, it does not say.
So the picture that emerges of Richard so far is this:
He was born in the St. Chad's parish of Shrewsbury, possibly in the suburb of Frankwell, probably in the first decade of the 17th century. His father was a George Gardner. He was admitted in the Shrewsbury School in 1619. By 1621, his father had died and in that year Richard entered into an apprenticeship with Roger Cocke in the Company of Taylers and Skinners [furriers] in Shrewsbury. Sometime during the next seven years Richard left the guild without becoming a freeman. What occupation or trade he subsequently pursued is not known.
He married Katherine, possibly as early as 1631, and may have fathered a son John in 1632, who did not survive infancy. Katherine bore him another son, John, in 1634. By 1637, Richard and his son John were present on Farrar's Island, Henrico County, Virginia. Katherine had died by then, the circumstances of which are not known. There exists no public record of Richard after 1637. John appears next in a 1650 land patent in Northumberland County.
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell, but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions".Relationship Note: "George Gardner", the father of "Richard Gardner", was "deceased" by 22 November 1621. George's father could have also been named George and may possibly be the "Georg Garnar" who was buried in 1622 in Shrewsbury, as follows: The burial of "Georg Garnar of the Allmes Howse" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 20), which states that he was buried on 4 May 1622 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury. Further research into this possibility is ongoing.
Research Note: It has been suggested that "George the gardner of Frankwell" who was buried on 7 January 1637 in St. Mary, Shrewbury, is the same person as George Gardner who was born about 1573 and who attended Shrewsbury School in 1580-1586. However, the parish register of St. Mary states that "George" was "the gardner of Frankwell", not that his surname was "Gardner".
The marriage of "Mr. William Lawton" and "Mrs. Elizth. Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 250), which states that they were married on 21 April 1655 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury.
The christening of "Elizabeth Garner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 77), which states that she was christened on 10 May 1631 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The christening of "Elizabeth Garner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Films # 908235 and 1701330), which states that she was christened on 10 May 1631 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that her parents were "John Garner" and "Elizabeth".
The marriage of "Mr. William Lawton" and "Mrs. Elizth. Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 250), which states that they were married on 21 April 1655 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury.
Marriage Notes for William Lawton and Elizabeth Garner-465
The marriage of "Mr. William Lawton" and "Mrs. Elizth. Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 250), which states that they were married on 21 April 1655 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury.
The marriage of "Richard Baytton" and "Mary Garnor" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 268), which states that they were married on 22 February 1657/1658 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury.
The christening of "Mary Garnor" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 111, which states that she was christened on 1 November 1636 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury, and that her parents were "John Granor" and "Elizabeth".
The marriage of "Richard Baytton" and "Mary Garnor" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 268), which states that they were married on 22 February 1657/1658 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury.
Marriage Notes for Richard Baytton and Mary Granor-471
The marriage of "Richard Baytton" and "Mary Garnor" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 268), which states that they were married on 22 February 1657/1658 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury.
The burial of "Georg Garnar of the Allmes Howse" is listed in the parish register of St. Chad, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.15, page 20), which states that he was buried on 4 May 1622 in St. Chad, Shrewsbury.
Research Note: George Gardner, the father of "John Garnar" and "Richard Gardner", was "deceased" by 22 November 1621. The father of George Gardner could have also been named George--and may be the "Georg Garnar" who was buried in 1622 in Shrewsbury.
Relationship Note: The shown parentage of this individual is a guesstimate based on duration, location and/or patronymics. Further research into this possible relationship is ongoing.
"John Gardyner" is listed in the Will of his father "John Gardyner" that appears in the "Registered wills and original wills, administrations and inventories, 1494-1860, and, act books, 1532-1638 for Diocese of Lichfield Episcopal Consistory Court" (FHL Film # 95393). The Will was written on 2 May 1567 and probated on 13 November 1567. The Will states that "John Gardyner" wanted to be "buryed in [the] churchyard of St. Julian" in Shrewbsury, and mentions the following individuals: "Margaret my wife", "my executor John Gardyner my son", "Thomas my son", "Richard my son", "Hughe my son", "Jane my daughter". The Will was witnessed by Thomas, Richard and Hughe Gardner.
"Rich. Gardiner de Salop [of Shropshire] = [married] Anna fil. et haer. [the daughter and heir of] Rich'i Horner" is listed in the "Gardiner of Shrewsbury" heraldic pedigree chart that is contained in "The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623" and which was published in 1889 by The Harleian Society, Volume 28, pages 196-197 (online source: https://archive.org/details/visitationshrop00britgoog). Note: The birth year shown for this individual has been calculated or estimated.
Geographical Note from Wikipedia: "Salop is an old name for Shropshire, historically used as an abbreviated form for post or telegrams, it is thought to derive from the Anglo-French "Salopesberia". It is normally replaced by the more contemporary "Shrops" although Shropshire residents are still referred to as "Salopians". Salop however is also used as an alternative name for the county town, Shrewsbury, which also shares the motto of Floreat Salopia."
The burial of "Ann Gardner" is listed in the parish register transcript of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 510675), which states that she was buried on 10 March 1593/1594 in St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury.
"Rich. Gardiner de Salop [of Shropshire] = [married] Anna fil. et haer. [the daughter and heir of] Rich'i Horner" is listed in the "Gardiner of Shrewsbury" heraldic pedigree chart that is contained in "The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623" and which was published in 1889 by The Harleian Society, Volume 28, pages 196-197 (online source: https://archive.org/details/visitationshrop00britgoog). Note: The birth year shown for this individual has been calculated or estimated.
The burial of "John Gardener" is listed in the parish register of St. Julian, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (which burial record is viewable on FindMyPast, and is referenced in FHL Film # 510676, Item #1, page 23), which states that he was buried on 5 May 1567 in St. Julian, Shrewsbury.
The Will of "John Gardyner" appears in the "Registered wills and original wills, administrations and inventories, 1494-1860, and, act books, 1532-1638 for Diocese of Lichfield Episcopal Consistory Court" (FHL Film # 95393). The Will was written on 2 May 1567 and probated on 13 November 1567. The Will states that "John Gardyner" wanted to be "buryed in [the] churchyard of St. Julian" in Shrewbsury, and mentions the following individuals: "Margaret my wife", "my executor John Gardyner my son", "Thomas my son", "Richard my son", "Hughe my son", "Jane my daughter". The Will was witnessed by Thomas, Richard and Hughe Gardner.
"John Gardyner" is listed as being a "draper" in the 1545 Taxation of Shrewsbury, as found in the book "Shropshire Taxes in the Reign of Henry VIII (FHL British Book # 942.45, R4f, page 544).
"John Gardner" is listed in the Will of "John Gardner" that appears in the "Registered wills and original wills, administrations and inventories, 1494-1860, and, act books, 1532-1638 for Diocese of Lichfield Episcopal Consistory Court" (FHL Film # 95389). The Will was written on 28 February 1538/1539 and was probated on 23 March 1538/1539. The Will states that "John Gardner" was "of St. Chad, Shrewsbury", and mentions the following individuals: "Dawne my wife overseer", "John my son", "Thomas my son", "George my son", "my father John Gardner", and "Thomas Gardner kinsman overseer".
"Joh'es [Johannes] Gardiner de Salop [of Shropshire] = [married] Margaretta fil. [the daughter of] Joh'es [Johannes] Berkley" is listed in the "Gardiner of Shrewsbury" heraldic pedigree chart that is contained in "The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623" and which was published in 1889 by The Harleian Society, Volume 28, pages 196-197 (online source: https://archive.org/details/visitationshrop00britgoog). Note: The birth year shown for this individual has been calculated or estimated.
Geographical Note from Wikipedia: "Salop is an old name for Shropshire, historically used as an abbreviated form for post or telegrams, it is thought to derive from the Anglo-French "Salopesberia". It is normally replaced by the more contemporary "Shrops" although Shropshire residents are still referred to as "Salopians". Salop however is also used as an alternative name for the county town, Shrewsbury, which also shares the motto of Floreat Salopia."
The burial of "Margrett wife [of] John Gardener [a] Coiser" is listed in the parish register transcript of St. Julian, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 510676, Item #1, page 27), which states that she was buried in April 1569 in St. Julian, Shrewsbury. Note: This burial record is also viewable on FindMyPast., which shows that "Margett wyffe of John Gardener, cors [possibly a coiser or couriser--or a chauffeur or courier]" was buried in April 1569 in St. Julian, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.
"Margaret" is listed in the Will of her husband, "John Gardyner" that appears in the "Registered wills and original wills, administrations and inventories, 1494-1860, and, act books, 1532-1638 for Diocese of Lichfield Episcopal Consistory Court" (FHL Film # 95393). The Will was written on 2 May 1567 and probated on 13 November 1567. The Will states that "John Gardyner" wanted to be "buryed in [the] churchyard of St. Julian" in Shrewbsury, and mentions the following individuals: "Margaret my wife", "my executor John Gardyner my son", "Thomas my son", "Richard my son", "Hughe my son", "Jane my daughter". The Will was witnessed by Thomas, Richard and Hughe Gardner.
"Joh'es [Johannes] Gardiner de Salop [of Shropshire] = [married] Margaretta fil. [the daughter of] Joh'es [Johannes] Berkley" is listed in the "Gardiner of Shrewsbury" heraldic pedigree chart that is contained in "The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623" and which was published in 1889 by The Harleian Society, Volume 28, pages 196-197 (online source: https://archive.org/details/visitationshrop00britgoog). Note: The birth year shown for this individual has been calculated or estimated.
"Thomas Gardyner" is listed in the Will of his father "John Gardyner" that appears in the "Registered wills and original wills, administrations and inventories, 1494-1860, and, act books, 1532-1638 for Diocese of Lichfield Episcopal Consistory Court" (FHL Film # 95393). The Will was written on 2 May 1567 and probated on 13 November 1567. The Will states that "John Gardyner" wanted to be "buryed in [the] churchyard of St. Julian" in Shrewbsury, and mentions the following individuals: "Margaret my wife", "my executor John Gardyner my son", "Thomas my son", "Richard my son", "Hughe my son", "Jane my daughter". The Will was witnessed by Thomas, Richard and Hughe Gardner.
"Hughe Gardyner" is listed in the Will of his father "John Gardyner" that appears in the "Registered wills and original wills, administrations and inventories, 1494-1860, and, act books, 1532-1638 for Diocese of Lichfield Episcopal Consistory Court" (FHL Film # 95393). The Will was written on 2 May 1567 and probated on 13 November 1567. The Will states that "John Gardyner" wanted to be "buryed in [the] churchyard of St. Julian" in Shrewbsury, and mentions the following individuals: "Margaret my wife", "my executor John Gardyner my son", "Thomas my son", "Richard my son", "Hughe my son", "Jane my daughter". The Will was witnessed by Thomas, Richard and Hughe Gardner.
"Jane Gardyner" is listed in the Will of her father "John Gardyner" that appears in the "Registered wills and original wills, administrations and inventories, 1494-1860, and, act books, 1532-1638 for Diocese of Lichfield Episcopal Consistory Court" (FHL Film # 95393). The Will was written on 2 May 1567 and probated on 13 November 1567. The Will states that "John Gardyner" wanted to be "buryed in [the] churchyard of St. Julian" in Shrewbsury, and mentions the following individuals: "Margaret my wife", "my executor John Gardyner my son", "Thomas my son", "Richard my son", "Hughe my son", "Jane my daughter". The Will was witnessed by Thomas, Richard and Hughe Gardner.
"Richard Gardiner" is listed in the Will of "John Gardiner" that appears in the "Registered wills and original wills, administrations and inventories, 1494-1860, and, act books, 1532-1638 for Diocese of Lichfield Episcopal Consistory Court" (FHL Film # 95391). The Will was written in November 1557 and probated on 23 May 1558. The Will states that John Gardiner was of Shrewsbury and mentions the following individuals: "Margaret my wife", "Richard my son", "Humfrey my son", "Robert my son", and "Elizabeth my daughter".
The burial of "Richard Garner" is listed in the parish records of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (which is viewable on FindMyPast), and which states that "Richard Garner [a] couriser [possibly French for chauffeur or courier] was buried" on 15 May 1609 in St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury.
"Richard Gardiner" is listed in the "Transcations of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society" (2nd Series, Volume 4, 1892, pages 241-242), as follows:
Richard Gardiner was a burgess of Shrewsbury, and was born, we may conjecture, towards the middle of the first half of the sixtheen centruy, before parish registers were established by law. He was probably not far short of 70 when he wrote his "Profitable Instructions" [which was published in 1603]. By trade he was a dyer, but it is important to remember that he was also free of the Company of Drapers. From the Herald's Visitation of 1623 it appears that the head of the family was then settled at Sarsaw.
In the so-called Taylor MS. (transcribed by the late Mr. Leighton, Vol. IV., pages 239 to 352, of the 1st Series of these Transcations) the name of Rychard Gardner occurs first as that of one of the three burgesses who were charged (1570), in consideration of a ten years' lease of the common field called "behind the walls" to bring the water for the conduit in leaden pipes "nowe in hande" at a certain day to run in sundry places in the town.
In 1572 he is said to have found by his great diligence and travail great store of "seacole" at a place called "Emsterie heye."
In August, 1573, by his diligent oversight the conduit water was brought to "the upper eende of Shoomacker rowe and the great sesterne of lead was madre and fynyshyd and also the stone wooreke about the same." In August of the next year the water ran in four more places, viz.: "at mardole head, at the aple market, at the sextry wall and at the wyld coop."
Vol. IV., 2nd S. Again in 1579 we are told that land was purchased near the conduit head, and the springs covered and enclosed: "to ensue which wooreke and oversight both of the saide springs and headd one Rychard Gardner of Salop draper dyd tacke greate paynes whose pollytyke devyses zealous hart and dylygent travells for the comodyty and helthe of the hole towne and posteritie ys woorthy of fame." In December, 1584, a servant of his met with a fatal accident, "having," the chronicler writes, "by myschance fallyn in to a furnes of whot boylinge lycker and so presently boylyd to death." The "furness" was probably one of his mater's dye vats.
The name of Thomas Gardner is entered in the School Register of 1594. This was probably the T.G. baptized at St. Alkmund's Jan. 5, 1583, son of Richard Gardner of Shrewsbury.
In the presentment of Arms for 1579-80 Richard Gardner is entered in the Drapers' list, and, from the nautre and number of arms in his possession, must clearly have been a man of some position. The name occurs again in the presentment of 15897. See Transcactions, 2nd Series, Vol. II, page 260.
The pamphlet is mentioned in Gleanings from Old Garden Literature by Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt (Elliot Stock, 1887). Mr. Hazlitt's conclusion that Richard Gardiner was in holy orders, may, I think, be dismissed at once by reference to the latter part of the first paragraph of the Preface. That he had strong Puritan leanings is very clear from the general tone of the pamphlet.
[In 1603, "Richard Gardiner of Shrewsberie" published the book "Profitable Instructions for the Manuring Sowing and Planting of Kitchin Gardens".]
(Online source: https://books.google.com/books?id=aXpHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA241&lpg=PA241&dq=Richard+Gardiner,+1603,+%22Profitable+Instructions%22.&source=bl&ots=5OyB1tgLJl&sig=Y9s75sLay0MQg3wPG6BESIcCD4c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_4I2J0_LTAhVS02MKHSCKC_gQ6AEIMjAE#v=onepage&q=Richard%20Gardiner%2C%201603%2C%20%22Profitable%20Instructions%22.&f=false)Richard Gardner is listed in the online article "Richard Garner of Shrewsbury, England, father of John Garner of Virginia", by Patrick Garner, May 26, 2010, as follows (http://www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/garner/6430/):
George and Richard were very likely descendants of Richard Gardiner of Frankwell [which is a district of the town of Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England], but this cannot be proved at present, because of the missing St. Chad's registers. After having immersed myself in the known Gardner pedigrees and surviving parish records, my opinion is that is it more likely that George and Richard were collateral, rather than direct, descendants of the aforementioned Richard Gardiner, dyer, philanthropist and author of the first English book on horticulture in 1603 called "Profitable Instructions".
The christening of "Ellnor Gardner" is listed in the parish register transcript of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 510675), which states that she was christened on 3 May 1579 in St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, and that her father was "Richard Gardner".
The christening of "Elizabeth Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 1701329), which states that she was christened on 10 March 1579/1580 in St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, and that her father was "Richard Gardner".
The christening of "Thomas Gardner" is listed in the parish register transcript of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 510675), which states that he was christened on 3 January 1580/1581 in St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, and that her father was "Richard Gardner".
The burial of "Margery Gardner" is listed in the parish register transcript of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 510675), which states that she was buried on 6 February 1582/1583 in St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, and that her father was "Richard Gardner".
The christening of "Thomas Gardner" is listed in the parish register transcript of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 510675), which states that he was christened on 5 January 1583/1584 in St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, and that his father was "Richard Gardner".
"Thomas Gardner" is listed in the "Transcations of the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society" (2nd Series, Volume 4, 1892, pages 241-242), as follows:
Richard Gardiner was a burgess of Shrewsbury, and was born, we may conjecture, towards the middle of the first half of the sixtheen centruy, before parish registers were established by law. He was probably not far short of 70 when he wrote his "Profitable Instructions." By trade he was a dyer, but it is important to remember that he was also free of the Company of Drapers. From the Herald's Visitation of 1623 it appears that the head of the family was then settled at Sarsaw.
In the so-called Taylor MS. (transcribed by the late Mr. Leighton, Vol. IV., pages 239 to 352, of the 1st Series of these Transcations) the name of Rychard Gardner occurs first as that of one of the three burgesses who were charged (1570), in consideration of a ten years' lease of the common field called "behind the walls" to bring the water for the conduit in leaden pipes "nowe in hande" at a certain day to run in sundry places in the town.
In 1572 he is said to have found by his great diligence and travail great store of "seacole" at a place called "Emsterie heye."
In August, 1573, by his diligent oversight the conduit water was brought to "the upper eende of Shoomacker rowe and the great sesterne of lead was madre and fynyshyd and also the stone wooreke about the same." In August of the next year the water ran in four more places, viz.: "at mardole head, at the aple market, at the sextry wall and at the wyld coop."
Vol. IV., 2nd S. Again in 1579 we are told that land was purchased near the conduit head, and the springs covered and enclosed: "to ensue which wooreke and oversight both of the saide springs and headd one Rychard Gardner of Salop draper dyd tacke greate paynes whose pollytyke devyses zealous hart and dylygent travells for the comodyty and helthe of the hole towne and posteritie ys woorthy of fame." In December, 1584, a servant of his met with a fatal accident, "having," the chronicler writes, "by myschance fallyn in to a furnes of whot boylinge lycker and so presently boylyd to death." The "furness" was probably one of his mater's dye vats.
The name of Thomas Gardner is entered in the School Register of 1594. This was probably the T.G. baptized at St. Alkmund's Jan. 5, 1583, son of Richard Gardner of Shrewsbury.
In the presentment of Arms for 1579-80 Richard Gardner is entered in the Drapers' list, and, from the nautre and number of arms in his possession, must clearly have been a man of some position. The name occurs again in the presentment of 15897. See Transcactions, 2nd Series, Vol. II, page 260.
The pamphlet is mentioned in Gleanings from Old Garden Literature by Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt (Elliot Stock, 1887). Mr. Hazlitt's conclusion that Richard Gardiner was in holy orders, may, I think, be dismissed at once by reference to the latter part of the first paragraph of the Preface. That he had strong Puritan leanings is very clear from the general tone of the pamphlet.
(Online source: https://books.google.com/books?id=aXpHAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA241&lpg=PA241&dq=Richard+Gardiner,+1603,+%22Profitable+Instructions%22.&source=bl&ots=5OyB1tgLJl&sig=Y9s75sLay0MQg3wPG6BESIcCD4c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_4I2J0_LTAhVS02MKHSCKC_gQ6AEIMjAE#v=onepage&q=Richard%20Gardiner%2C%201603%2C%20%22Profitable%20Instructions%22.&f=false)
The christening of "Richard Gardner" is listed in the parish register transcript of St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Film # 510675), which states that he was christened on 18 March 1586/1587 in St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, and that her father was "Ric'd Gardner".
The marriage of "Thomas Gardner" and "Mary Swayne" is listed in the parish register of St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.12, page 18, and FHL Film # 1701331), which states that they were married on 8 July 1593 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury.
The burial of "Mr. Thomas Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, v.12, page 73), which states that he was buried on 12 March 1627/1628 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury.
The Will and Probate of "Thomas Gardner" is listed in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury Wills (via Ancestry.com) and states the following: Date of Will: 3 March 1627; Date of Probate: 10 May 1628; John Gardner was of "Shrewsbury" and owned considerable property including "burgages [or rental properties that usually consisted of a house and plot of land], farms, lands" and "tenements" in Shropshire; individuals mentioned in his Will included: "my brother John Gardner", my son and executor John Gardner", "Christobell the wife of my said son John Gardner", children of John and Christobell Gardner: "Thomas" and "John" and "Issac" and Nathaniel" and "Samuell" and "Mary", "Thomas Gardner son and heir apparent of my said son John", Nathanaell Gardner fourth son of my said executor [John Gardner]", "Samuel Gardner fifth son of my said executor [John Gardner]", "Thomas Gardner son of said executor [John Gardner]", "Richard Gardner my brother John his son", "George Gardner my nephew", "Judeth Gardner my brother Olliver Gardner his daughter", "Samuel Lewis my son in law", and children of Samuel Lewis "till they come to their lawfull age of twenty and one years": "Nehemiah Lewis" and "Mary Lewis" and "Thomas Lewis".
"Thomas Gardiner [the] 3 filius [third son of Richard Gardiner and Anna Horner]" = married "Maria fil. [the daughter of a Mr.] ... Swanne de [of] Salop [Shropshire]." is listed in the "Gardiner of Shrewsbury" heraldic pedigree chart that is contained in "The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623" and which was published in 1889 by The Harleian Society, Volume 28, pages 196-197 (online source: https://archive.org/details/visitationshrop00britgoog). Note: The birth year shown for this individual has been calculated or estimated.
The marriage of "Thomas Gardner" and "Mary Swayne" is listed in the parish register of St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.12, page 18, and FHL Film # 1701331), which states that they were married on 8 July 1593 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury.
The burial of "Mary [the] wife of Mr. Thomas Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, v.12, page 73), which states that she was buried on 11 October 1627 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury.
"Thomas Gardiner [the] 3 filius [third son of Richard Gardiner and Anna Horner]" = married "Maria fil. [the daughter of a Mr.] ... Swanne de [of] Salop [Shropshire]." is listed in the "Gardiner of Shrewsbury" heraldic pedigree chart that is contained in "The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623" and which was published in 1889 by The Harleian Society, Volume 28, pages 196-197 (online source: https://archive.org/details/visitationshrop00britgoog). Note: The birth year shown for this individual has been calculated or estimated.
Marriage Notes for Thomas Gardner and Mary Swayne-498
The marriage of "Thomas Gardner" and "Mary Swayne" is listed in the parish register of St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.12, page 18, and FHL Film # 1701331), which states that they were married on 8 July 1593 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury.
The christening of "Thomas Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.12, page 18, and FHL Film # 1701331), which states that he was christened on 27 April 1594 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury, and that his father was "Thomas Gardner".
The christening of "Thomas Gardner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 908234), which states that he was christened on 27 April 1594 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, that his father was "Thomas Gardner"
The christening of "Isaac Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.12, page 21, and FHL Film # 1701331), which states that he was christened on 14 September 1596 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury, and that his father was "Thomas Gardner".
The christening of "Isaac Gardner" is listed in FamilySearch (FHL Film # 908234), which states that he was christened on 14 September 1596 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, that his father was "Thomas Gardner"
The burial of "Isaac Gardner" is listed in the parish register of St. Mary, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England (FHL Book # 942.45, B4sl, V.12, page 41, and FHL Film # 1701331), which states that he was buried on 20 October 1608 in St. Mary, Shrewsbury, and that his father was "Mr. Thomas Gardner".
"Isaccus s.p." is listed in the "Gardiner of Shrewsbury" heraldic pedigree chart that is contained in "The Visitation of Shropshire, taken in the year 1623" and which was published in 1889 by The Harleian Society, Volume 28, pages 196-197 (online source: https://archive.org/details/visitationshrop00britgoog).
The burial of "Elizabeth Gardner" is listed in FindMyPast, which states that she was buried on 24 January 15971598 in St. Alkmund, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, and that her father was "Thomas Gardner".